Möller HJ, Graeber MB. The case described by alois alzheimer in 1911. Historical and conceptual perspectives based on the clinical record and neurohistological sections. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 1998;248(3):111–22. https://doi.org/10.1007/s004060050027.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blank LJ, Acton EK, Thibault D, Willis AW. Neurodegenerative disease is associated with increased incidence of epilepsy: a population based study of older adults. Age Ageing. 2021;50(1):205–12. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa194.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stefanidou M, Beiser AS, Himali JJ, et al. Bi-directional association between epilepsy and dementia: the framingham heart study. Neurology. 2020;95(24):e3241–7. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000011077.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen L, Yang W, Yang F, et al. The crosstalk between epilepsy and dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Epilepsy Behav. 2024;152:109640. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2024.109640.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Banote RK, Håkansson S, Zetterberg H, Zelano J. CSF biomarkers in patients with epilepsy in alzheimer’s disease: a nation-wide study. Brain Commun. 2022;4(4):fcac210. https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcac210.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Taubes A, Nova P, Zalocusky KA, et al. Experimental and real-world evidence supporting the computational repurposing of bumetanide for APOE4-related alzheimer’s disease. Nat Aging. 2021;1(10):932–47. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43587-021-00122-7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vöglein J, Ricard I, Noachtar S, et al. Seizures in alzheimer’s disease are highly recurrent and associated with a poor disease course. J Neurol. 2020;267(10):2941–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00415-020-09937-7.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Vöglein J, Kostova I, Arzberger T, et al. Seizure prevalence in neurodegenerative diseases-a study of autopsy proven cases. Eur J Neurol. 2022;29(1):12–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/ene.15089.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arnaldi D, Donniaquio A, Mattioli P, et al. Epilepsy in neurodegenerative dementias: a clinical, epidemiological, and EEG study. J Alzheimers Dis. 2020;74(3):865–74. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-191315.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zawar I, Kapur J, Mattos MK, Aldridge CM, Manning C, Quigg M. Association of seizure control with cognition in people with normal cognition and mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 2024;103(6):e209820. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000209820.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Schnier C, Duncan S, Wilkinson T, Mbizvo GK, Chin RFM. A nationwide, retrospective, data-linkage, cohort study of epilepsy and incident dementia. Neurology. 2020;95(12):e1686–93. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000010358.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Johnson EL, Krauss GL, Kucharska-Newton A, et al. Dementia in late-onset epilepsy: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. Neurology. 2020;95(24):e3248–56. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000011080.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Keret O, Hoang TD, Xia F, Rosen HJ, Yaffe K. Association of late-onset unprovoked seizures of unknown etiology with the risk of developing dementia in older veterans. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(6):710–5. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.0187.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tang T, Zhang R, Pan X. Meta-analysis of the risk of dementia in elderly patients with late-onset epilepsy. Clin Neurol Neurosurg. 2022;223:107499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clineuro.2022.107499.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang L, Fu C, Li J, Peng S. Late-onset epilepsy and the risk of dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2022;34(8):1771–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-022-02118-8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ophir K, Ran B, Felix B, Amir G. Ten year cumulative incidence of dementia after late onset epilepsy of unknown etiology. J Clin Neurosci. 2021;86:247–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jocn.2021.01.030.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cvetkovska E, Babunovska M, Boskovski B, Kuzmanovski I, Tanovska N, Trencevska GK. Prevalence of various risk factors associated with new-onset epilepsy after the age of 50: a retrospective population-based study. Epileptic Disord. 2022;24(1):95–101. https://doi.org/10.1684/epd.2021.1360.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gourmaud S, Stewart DA, Irwin DJ, et al. The role of mTORC1 activation in seizure-induced exacerbation of alzheimer’s disease. Brain. 2022;145(1):324–39. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awab268.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Del Pozo A, Knox KM, Lehmann LM, et al. Chronic evoked seizures in young pre-symptomatic APP/PS1 mice induce serotonin changes and accelerate onset of alzheimer’s disease-related neuropathology. Prog Neurobiol. 2024;235:102591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pneurobio.2024.102591.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zheng X, Zhang H, Lv Y, et al. Levetiracetam alleviates cognitive decline in alzheimer’s disease animal model by ameliorating the dysfunction of the neuronal network. Front Aging Neurosci. 2022;14:888784. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2022.888784.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang X, Loi SM, Foster E, Chen Z, Velakoulis D, Kwan P. Predictors of new-onset epilepsy in people with younger-onset neurocognitive disorders. Front Aging Neurosci. 2021;13:637260. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnagi.2021.637260.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Tai XY, Torzillo E, Lyall DM, Manohar S, Husain M, Sen A. Association of dementia risk with focal epilepsy and modifiable cardiovascular risk factors. JAMA Neurol. 2023;80(5):445–54. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2023.0339.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Johnson EL, Krauss GL, Lee AK, et al. Association between midlife risk factors and late-onset epilepsy: results from the atherosclerosis risk in communities study. JAMA Neurol. 2018;75(11):1375–82. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2018.1935.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Krivanek TJ, Gale SA, McFeeley BM, Nicastri CM, Daffner KR. Promoting successful cognitive aging: a ten-year update. J Alzheimers Dis. 2021;81(3):871–920. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-201462.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hautecloque-Raysz G, Sellal F, Bousiges O, Phillipi N, Blanc F, Cretin B. Epileptic prodromal alzheimer’s disease treated with antiseizure medications: medium-term outcome of seizures and cognition. J Alzheimers Dis. 2023;94(3):1057–74. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-221197.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vossel K, Ranasinghe KG, Beagle AJ, et al. Effect of levetiracetam on cognition in patients with alzheimer disease with and without epileptiform activity: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Neurol. 2021;78(11):1345–54. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.3310.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Horvath AA, Papp A, Zsuffa J, et al. Subclinical epileptiform activity accelerates the progression of alzheimer’s disease: a long-term EEG study. Clin Neurophysiol. 2021;132(8):1982–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2021.03.050.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lam AD, Sarkis RA, Pellerin KR, et al. Association of epileptiform abnormalities and seizures in alzheimer disease. Neurology. 2020;95(16):e2259–70. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000010612.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhao B, Shen L, Ou Y, et al. Risk of seizures and subclinical epileptiform activity in patients with dementia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev. 2021;72:101478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arr.2021.101478.