[1] Federal Ministry of Health. (2022). Annual statistical report 2021. Federal Ministry of Health. https://drive.google.com/file/d/ 15ikYHf0hv9ECLvIDaGjB9iwUlzYdX0l7/view?usp= drive_link
[2] Adeel, A. A., Elnour, F. A. A., Elmardi, K. A., Abd- Elmajid, M. B., Elhelo, M. M., Ali, M. S., Adam, M. A., Atta, H., Zamani, G., Warsame, M., Barrette, A., Mohammady, H. E., & Nada, R. A. (2016). High efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine and declining efficacy of artesunate + sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine against Plasmodium falciparum in Sudan (2010- 2015): Evidence from in vivo and molecular marker studies. Malaria Journal, 15(1), 285. https://doi.org/ 10.1186/s12936-016-1339-x
[3] Mohamed, A. O., Abdel Hamid, M. M., Mohamed, O. S., Elkando, N. S., Suliman, A., Adam, M. A., Elnour, F. A. A., & Malik, E. M. (2017). Efficacies of DHA-PPQ and AS/SP in patients with uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in an area of an unstable seasonal transmission in Sudan. Malaria Journal, 16(1), 163. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-017- 1817-9
[4] Federal Ministry of Health. (2017). Sudan malaria treatment protocol 2017. Federal Ministry of Health. https://reliefweb.int/report/sudan/sudan-malariadiagnosis- and-treatment-protocol-2017
[5] World Health Organization. (2022). WHO guidelines for malaria, 25 November 2022. https://iris.who.int/handle/10665/364714
[6] Federal Ministry of Health. (2023). Sudan malaria case management protocol 2023. https://fmoh.gov.sd/fmoh/fmoh/public/ SudanMalariaCaseManagementProtocol2023.pdf
[7] Varo, R., Balanza, N., Mayor, A., & Bassat, Q. (2021). Diagnosis of clinical malaria in endemic settings. Expert Review of Anti-Infective Therapy, 19(1), 79– 92. https://doi.org/10.1080/14787210.2020.1807940
[8] Fitri, L. E., Widaningrum, T., Endharti, A. T., Prabowo, M. H., Winaris, N., & Nugraha, R. Y. B. (2022). Malaria diagnostic update: From conventional to advanced method. Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis, 36(4), e24314. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcla.24314
[9] Mukry, S. N., Saud, M., Sufaida, G., Shaikh, K., Naz, A., & Shamsi, T. S. (2017). Laboratory diagnosis of malaria: Comparison of manual and automated diagnostic tests. The Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases & Medical Microbiology, 2017, 9286392. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/9286392
[10] Abba, K., Deeks, J. J., Olliaro, P., Naing, C. M., Jackson, S. M., Takwoingi, Y., Donegan, S., & Garner, P. (2011). Rapid diagnostic tests for diagnosing uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in endemic countries. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2011(7), CD008122.
[11] Kavanaugh, M. J., Azzam, S. E., & Rockabrand, D. M. (2021). Malaria rapid diagnostic tests: Literary review and recommendation for a quality assurance, quality control algorithm. Diagnostics, 11(5), 768. https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11050768
[12] Sinclair, D., Zani, B., Donegan, S., Olliaro, P., & Garner, P. (2009). Artemisinin-based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated malaria. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2009(3), CD007483. https: //doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD007483.pub2
[13] Omari, A. A., Gamble, C. L., & Garner, P. (2005). Artemether-lumefantrine (six-dose regimen) for treating uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group, editor. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD005564
[14] Adam, I., Ibrahim, Y., & Gasim, G. I. (2018). Efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based combination therapy for uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Sudan: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Malaria Journal, 17(1), 110. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-018-2265-x
[15] Zani, B., Gathu, M., Donegan, S., Olliaro, P. L., & Sinclair, D. (2014). Dihydroartemisininpiperaquine for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2014(1), CD010927. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010927
[16] Adam, I., Salah, M. T., Eltahir, H. G., Elhassan, A. H., Elmardi, K. A., & Malik, E. M. (2010). Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine, in the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in central Sudan. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Parasitology, 104(4), 319–326. https://doi.org/10.1179/136485910X12743554760144
[17] Awab, G. R., Pukrittayakamee, S., Imwong, M., Dondorp, A. M., Woodrow, C. J., Lee, S. J., Day, N. P., Singhasivanon, P., White, N. J., & Kaker, F. (2010). Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus chloroquine to treat vivax malaria in Afghanistan: An openrandomized, non-inferiority, trial. Malaria Journal, 9, 105. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2875-9-105
[18] Phyo, A. P., Lwin, K. M., Price, R. N., Ashley, E. A., Russell, B., Sriprawat, K., Lindegardh, N., Singhasivanon, P., White, N. J., & Nosten, F. (2011). Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine versus chloroquine in the treatment of Plasmodium vivax malaria in Thailand: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 53(10), 977–984. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cir631
[19] Kolaczinski, K., Durrani, N., Rahim, S., & Rowland, M. (2007). Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine plus artesunate compared with chloroquine for the treatment of vivax malaria in areas co-endemic for Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax: A randomised non-inferiority trial in eastern Afghanistan. Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 101(11), 1081–1087. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.06.015
[20] Krudsood, S., Tangpukdee, N., Muangnoicharoen, S., Thanachartwet, V., Luplertlop, N., Srivilairit, S., Wilairatana, P., Kano, S., Ringwald, P., & Looareesuwan, S. (2007). Clinical efficacy of chloroquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for Plasmodium vivax treatment in Thailand. Korean Journal of Parasitology, 45(2), 111–114. https://doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2007.45.2.111
[21] Gogtay, N., Kannan, S., Thatte, U. M., Olliaro, P. L., & Sinclair, D. (2013). Artemisinin-based combination therapy for treating uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax malaria. Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group, editor. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ 14651858.CD008492.pub3
[22] Dondorp, A. M., Fanello, C. I., Hendriksen, I. C. E., Gomes, E., Seni, A., Chhaganlal, K. D., Bojang, K., Olaosebikan, R., Anunobi, N., Maitland, K., Kivaya, E., Agbenyega, T., Nguah, S. B., Evans, J., Gesase, S., Kahabuka, C., Mtove, G., Nadjm, B., Deen, J.,... White, N. J., & the AQUAMAT group. (2010). Artesunate versus quinine in the treatment of severe falciparum malaria in African children (AQUAMAT): An openlabel, randomised trial. Lancet, 376(9753), 1647– 1657. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(10)61924-1
[23] Dondorp, A., Nosten, F., Stepniewska, K., Day, N., White, N., & the South East Asian Quinine Artesunate Malaria Trial (SEAQUAMAT) group. (2005). Artesunate versus quinine for treatment of severe falciparum malaria: A randomised trial. Lancet, 366(9487), 717–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(05)67176-0
[24] Maka, D. E., Chiabi, A., Ndikum, V., Achu, D., Mah, E., Nguefack, S., Nana, P., Njoumemi, Z., Mbacham, W., & Mbonda, E. (2015). A randomized trial of the efficacy of artesunate and three quinine regimens in the treatment of severe malaria in children at the Ebolowa Regional Hospital, Cameroon. Malaria Journal, 14, 429. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12936-015- 0948-0
[25] Abdallah, T. M., Elmardi, K. A., Elhassan, A. H., Omer, M. B., Elhag, M. S., Desogi, M. A., Siddig, M. F., & Adam, I. (2014). Comparison of artesunate and quinine in the treatment of severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria at Kassala hospital, Sudan. Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 8(5), 611–615. https://doi.org/10.3855/jidc.3813
[26] Okebe, J., & Eisenhut, M. (2014). Pre-referral rectal artesunate for severe malaria. Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group, editor. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ 14651858.CD009964.pub2 https://doi.org/10.1002/ 14651858.CD009964.pub2
[27] Manyando, C., Kayentao, K., D’Alessandro, U., Okafor, H. U., Juma, E., & Hamed, K. (2012). A systematic review of the safety and efficacy of artemether-lumefantrine against uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria during pregnancy. Malaria Journal, 11(1), 141. https://doi.org/10.1186/1475- 2875-11-141
[28] Kovacs, S. D., Van Eijk, A. M., Sevene, E., Dellicour, S., Weiss, N. S., Emerson, S., Steketee, R., O Ter Kuile, F., & Stergachis, A. (2016). The safety of artemisinin derivatives for the treatment of malaria in the 2nd or 3rd trimester of pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One, 11(11), e0164963.
[29] Saito, M., McGready, R., Tinto, H., Rouamba, T., Mosha, D., Rulisa, S., Kariuki, S., Desai, M., Manyando, C., Njunju, E. M., Sevene, E., Vala, A., Augusto, O., Clerk, C., Were, E., Mrema, S., Kisinza, W., Byamugisha, J., Kagawa, M.,... Dellicour, S. (2023). Pregnancy outcomes after first-trimester treatment with artemisinin derivatives versus nonartemisinin antimalarials: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis. Lancet, 401(10371), 118–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140- 6736(22)01881-5
[30] Radeva-Petrova, D., Kayentao, K., Ter Kuile, F. O., Sinclair, D., & Garner, P. (2014). Drugs for preventing malaria in pregnant women in endemic areas: Any drug regimen versus placebo or no treatment. Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group, editor. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. http: //doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD000169.pub3 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000169.pub3
[31] Gutman, J., Van Eijk, A., Rodriguez, E., Ahn, J., & Ter Kuile, F. (2022). Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance and intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) for the prevention of malaria in pregnancy: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Zenodo. https://zenodo.org/record/6559908
[32] Shibeshi, W., Alemkere, G., Mulu, A., & Engidawork, E. (2021). Efficacy and safety of artemisinin-based combination therapies for the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in pediatrics: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Infectious Diseases, 21(1), 326. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-021-06018-6
[33] Assefa, D. G., Zeleke, E. D., Bekele, D., Tesfahunei, H. A., Getachew, E., Joseph, M., & Manyazewal, T. (2021). Efficacy and safety of dihydroartemisininpiperaquine versus artemether-lumefantrine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Ugandan children: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. Malaria Journal, 20(1), 174. https://doi.org/10.1186/ s12936-021-03711-4
[34] Sinclair, D., Donegan, S., Isba, R., & Lalloo, D. G. (2012). Artesunate versus quinine for treating severe malaria. Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group, editor. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/ 14651858.CD005967.pub4 https://doi.org/10.1002/ 14651858.CD005967.pub4
[35] Pryce, J., Richardson, M., & Lengeler, C. (2018). Insecticide-treated nets for preventing malaria. Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group, editor. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. https: //doi.wiley.com/10.1002/14651858.CD000363.pub3 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000363.pub3
[36] Wangdi, K., Furuya-Kanamori, L., Clark, J., Barendregt, J. J., Gatton, M. L., Banwell, C., Kelly, G. C., Doi, S. A. R., & Clements, A. C. A. (2018). Comparative effectiveness of malaria prevention measures: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Parasites & Vectors, 11(1), 210. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071- 018-2783-y
[37] Yovogan, B., Sovi, A., Djènontin, A., Adoha, C. J., Akinro, B., Accrombessi, M., Dangbénon, E., Koukpo, C. Z., Affolabi, Z. K., Agboho, P. A., Kpanou, C. D., Assongba, L., Missihoun, A. A., Tokponnon, T. F., Agbangla, C., Padonou, G. G., Messenger, L. A., Ngufor, C., Cook, J.,... Protopopoff, N. (2024). The impact of pyrethroid-pyriproxyfen and pyrethroidchlorfenapyr long-lasting insecticidal nets on density of primary malaria vectors Anopheles gambiae s.s. and Anopheles coluzzii in Benin: A secondary analysis of a cluster randomised controlled trial. Parasites & Vectors, 17(1), 7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-023- 06104-5
[38] Federal Ministry of Health. (2023). Malaria program review 2023. Federal Ministry of Health.
[39] Odoko, J. (2020). Primary healthcare on utilization of insecticide treated nets among pregnant mothers and carers of children in South –South Nigeria. Clinical Medical Reviews and Reports, 2(6), 01–06.
Comments (0)