Characteristics and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome among Adult Filipinos with Hypothyroidism

Peppa M, Betsi G, Dimitriadis G. Lipid abnormalities and cardiometabolic risk in patients with overt and subclinical thyroid disease. J Lipids. 2011;2011:575840. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21789282. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140027. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/575840.

Kim B. Thyroid hormone as a determinant of energy expenditure and the basal metabolic rate. Thyroid. 2008;18(2):141-4. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18279014. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2007.0266.

Zhu X, Cheng SY. New insights into regulation of lipid metabolism by thyroid hormone. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2010;17(5):408-13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20644471. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3457777. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0b013e32833d6d46.

Tagami T, Tamanaha T, Shimazu S, et al. Lipid profiles in the untreated patients with Hashimoto thyroiditis and the effects of thyroxine treatment on subclinical hypothyroidism with Hashimoto thyroiditis. Endocr J. 2010;57(3):253-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20032565. https://doi.org/10.1507/endocrj.k09e-315.

Tzotzas T, Krassas GE, Konstantinidis T, Bougoulia M. Changes in lipoprotein(a) levels in overt and subclinical hypothyroidism before and during treatment. Thyroid. 2000;10(9):803-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11041458. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2000.10.803.

Teixeira Pde F, Reuters VS, Ferreira MM, et al. Lipid profile in different degrees of hypothyroidism and effects of levothyroxine replacement in mild thyroid failure. Transl Res. 2008;151(4):224-31. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18355770. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trsl.2007.12.006.

Biondi B, Klein I. Hypothyroidism as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Endocrine. 2004;24(1):1-13. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15249698. https://doi.org/10.1385/ENDO:24:1:001.

Biondi B, Kahaly GJ. Cardiovascular involvement in patients with different causes of hyperthyroidism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2010;6(8):431-43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20585347. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrendo.2010.105.

Klein I, Ojamaa K. Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. N Engl J Med. 2001;344(7):501-9. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11172193. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJM200102153440707.

Fazio S, Palmieri EA, Lombardi G, Biondi B. Effects of thyroid hormone on the cardiovascular system. Recent Prog Horm Res. 2004;59:31-50. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/14749496. https://doi.org/ 10.1210/rp.59.1.31.

Iwen KA, Schröder E, Brabant G. Thyroid hormones and the metabolic syndrome. Eur Thyroid J. 2013;2(2):83-92. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24783045. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3821514. https://doi.org/10.1159/000351249.

Morales DD, Punzalan FE, Paz-Pacheco E, Sy RG, Duante CA; National Nutrition and health survey: 2003 Group. Metabolic syndrome in the Philippine general population: Prevalence and risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Diab Vasc Dis Res. 2008;5(1):36-43. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18398811. https://doi.org/10.3132/dvdr.2008.007.

Noubiap JJ, Nansseu JR, Lontchi-Yimagou E, et al. Geographic distribution of metabolic syndrome and its components in the general adult population: A meta-analysis of global data from 28 million individuals. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 2022;188:109924. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35584716. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2022.109924.

Punzalan FER, Sy RG, Ty-Willing T. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult Filipinos. Int Congr Ser. 2004;1262:442-45.

Mata A, Jasul G Jr. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and its individual features across different (normal, overweight, pre-obese and obese) body mass index (BMI) categories in a tertiary hospital in the Philippines. J ASEAN Fed Endocr. 2017;32(2):117-22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33442094. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7784121. https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.032.02.04.

Chiu HHC, Larrazabal Jr. RB, Arcellana AES, Jimeno CA. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome among adult Filipinos with hypothyroidism: A retrospective cohort study. Acta Med Philipp. 2023;57(7 ):31-7. https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.4978.

Ogbera AO, Kuku S, Dada O. The metabolic syndrome in thyroid disease: A report from Nigeria. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2012;16(3):417-22. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22629511. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354852. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.95688.

Khare J, Nalla S, Wadhwa J, Srivastava P, Reddy B, Deb P. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in hypothyroidism: Experience in a tertiary center in South India. Chrismed J Health Res. 2017;4(1):19-22. https://doi.org/10.4103/2348-3334.196035.

Bermúdez V, Salazar J, Añez R, et al. Metabolic syndrome and subclinical hypothyroidism: A type 2 diabetes-dependent association. J Thyroid Res. 2018;2018:8251076. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30151097. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6087593. https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/8251076.

Khatiwada S, Sah SK, Kc R, Baral N, Lamsal M. Thyroid dysfunction in metabolic syndrome patients and its relationship with components of metabolic syndrome. Clin Diabetes Endocrinol. 2016;2:3. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28702239. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5471726. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40842-016-0021-0.

Raboca JC, Jimeno CA, Kho SA, et al. The Philippine Thyroid Disease Study (PhilTiDes 1): Prevalence of thyroid disorders among adults in the Philippines. J ASEAN Fed Endocr Soc. 2012;27(1):27-33. https://doi.org/10.15605/jafes.027.01.04.

Mehran L, Amouzegar A, Azizi F. Thyroid disease and the metabolic syndrome. Curr Opin Endocrinol Diabetes Obes. 2019;26(5):256-65. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31369412. https://doi.org/10.1097/MED.0000000000000500.

Hsu WC, Araneta MR, Kanaya AM, Chiang JL, Fujimoto W. BMI cut points to identify at-risk Asian Americans for type 2 diabetes screening. Diabetes Care. 2015;38(1):150-8. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25538311. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4392932. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc14-2391.

Misra A. Ethnic-specific criteria for classification of body mass index: A perspective for Asian Indians and American Diabetes Association Position Statement. Diabetes Technol Ther. 2015;17(9):667-71. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25902357. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4555479. https://doi.org/10.1089/dia.2015.0007.

Danese D, Sciacchitano S, Gardini A, Andreoli M. Post-operative hypothyroidism. Minerva Endocrinol. 1996;21(3):85-91. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9072668.

Devdhar M, Ousman YH, Burman KD. Hypothyroidism. Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am. 2007;36(3):595-615. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17673121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecl.2007.04.008.

Gupta V, Lee M. Central hypothyroidism. Indian J Endocrinol Metab. 2011;15(S2):S99-106. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21966662. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169862. https://doi.org/10.4103/2230-8210.83337.

Jonklaas J, Bianco AC, Bauer AJ, Burman KD, et al. Guidelines for the treatment of hypothyroidism: prepared by the American thyroid association task force on thyroid hormone replacement. Thyroid. 2014;24(12):1670-751. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25266247. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4267409. https://doi.org/10.1089/thy.2014.0028.

Comments (0)

No login
gif