Differential diagnosis of myopic choroidal neovascularization (mCNV): insights from multimodal imaging and treatment implications

Saw SM, Katz J, Schein OD et al (1996) Epidemiology of myopia. Epidemiol Rev 18:175–187. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a017924

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wong TY, Ferreira A, Hughes R, et al (2014) Epidemiology and disease burden of pathologic myopia and myopic choroidal neovascularization: an evidence-based systematic review. Am J Ophthalmol 157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2013.08.010

Ng DSC, Lai TYY (2022) Insights into the global epidemic of high myopia and its implications. JAMA Ophthalmol 140:123–124. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.5347

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Holden BA, Fricke TR, Wilson DA et al (2016) Global prevalence of myopia and high myopia and temporal trends from 2000 through 2050. Ophthalmology 123:1036–1042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.01.006

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ng DSC, Chan LKY, Lai TYY (2023) Myopic macular diseases: a review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 51:229–242. https://doi.org/10.1111/ceo.14200

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Grossniklaus HE, Green WR (1992) Pathologic findings in pathologic myopia. Retina 12:127–133. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006982-199212020-00009

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ohno-Matsui K, Kawasaki R, Jonas JB et al (2015) International photographic classification and grading system for myopic maculopathy. Am J Ophthalmol 159:877–83.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2015.01.022

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ruiz-Medrano J, Montero JA, Flores-Moreno I et al (2019) Myopic maculopathy: current status and proposal for a new classification and grading system (ATN). Prog Retin Eye Res 69:80–115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2018.10.005

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Avila MP, Weiter JJ, Jalkh AE et al (1984) Natural history of choroidal neovascularization in degenerative myopia. Ophthalmology 91:1573–1581. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(84)34116-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cohen SY, Laroche A, Leguen Y et al (1996) Etiology of choroidal neovascularization in young patients. Ophthalmology 103:1241–1244. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0161-6420(96)30515-0

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kobayashi K, Mandai M, Suzuma I et al (2002) Expression of estrogen receptor in the choroidal neovascular membranes in highly myopic eyes. Retina 22:418–422. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006982-200208000-00004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Yokoi T, Ohno-Matsui K (2018) Diagnosis and treatment of myopic maculopathy. Asia-Pacific J Ophthalmol 7:415–421. https://doi.org/10.22608/APO.2018290

Article  Google Scholar 

Ho S, Ly A, Ohno-Matsui K et al (2023) Diagnostic accuracy of OCTA and OCT for myopic choroidal neovascularisation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Eye (Lond) 37:21–29. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-022-02227-8

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ang M, Wong CW, Hoang QV et al (2019) Imaging in myopia: potential biomarkers, current challenges and future developments. Br J Ophthalmol 103:855–862. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2018-312866

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Feo A, Stradiotto E, Sacconi R, et al (2023) Subretinal hyperreflective material (SHRM) in retinal and chorioretinal disorders: a comprehensive review. Surv Ophthalmol

Parodi MB, Iacono P, Sacconi R et al (2015) Fundus autofluorescence changes after ranibizumab treatment for subfoveal choroidal neovascularization secondary to pathologic myopia. Am J Ophthalmol 160:322-327.e2. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2015.04.030

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iacono P, Battaglia Parodi M, Selvi F et al (2017) Factors influencing visual acuity in patients receiving anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for myopic choroidal neovascularization. Retina 37:1931–191. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000001436

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li M, Zhang X, Wen F (2015) The fundus autofluorescence spectrum of punctate inner choroidopathy. J Ophthalmol 2015:202097. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/202097

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ma F, Yuan M, Kozak I (2023) Multispectral imaging: review of current applications. Surv Ophthalmol 68:889–904. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.survophthal.2023.06.004

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klein RM, Green S (1988) The development of lacquer cracks in pathologic myopia. Am J Ophthalmol 106:282–285. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(88)90362-5

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Choudhury F, Meuer SM, Klein R et al (2018) Prevalence and characteristics of myopic degeneration in an adult Chinese American population: the Chinese American Eye Study. Am J Ophthalmol 187:34–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2017.12.010

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Haarman AEG, Tedja MS, Brussee C et al (2022) Prevalence of myopic macular features in Dutch individuals of European ancestry with high myopia. JAMA Ophthalmol 140:115–123. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2021.5346

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Klein RM, Curtin BJ (1975) Lacquer crack lesions in pathologic myopia. Am J Ophthalmol 79:386–392. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9394(75)90611-x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ohno-Matsui K, Tokoro T (1996) The progression of lacquer cracks in pathologic myopia. Retina 16:29–37. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006982-199616010-00006

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ohno-Matsui K, Yoshida T, Futagami S et al (2003) Patchy atrophy and lacquer cracks predispose to the development of choroidal neovascularisation in pathological myopia. Br J Ophthalmol 87:570–3. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjo.87.5.570

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Crincoli E, Ferrara S, Miere A et al (2023) Correlation between AI-measured lacquer cracks extension and development of myopic choroidal neovascularization. Eye (Basingstoke). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-023-02451-w

Article  Google Scholar 

Xu X, Fang Y, Uramoto K et al (2019) Clinical features of lacquer cracks in eyes with pathologic myopia. Retina 39:1265–1277. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000002168

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Liu C-F, Liu L, Lai C-C et al (2014) Multimodal imaging including spectral-domain optical coherence tomography and confocal near-infrared reflectance for characterization of lacquer cracks in highly myopic eyes. Eye (Lond) 28:1437–1445. https://doi.org/10.1038/eye.2014.221

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ren P, Lu L, Tang X et al (2020) Clinical features of simple hemorrhage and myopic choroidal neovascularization associated with lacquer cracks in pathologic myopia. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 258:2661–2669. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00417-020-04778-6

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Battista M, Sacconi R, Borrelli E et al (2022) Discerning between macular hemorrhages due to macular neovascularization or due to spontaneous Bruch’s membrane rupture in high myopia: a comparative analysis between OCTA and fluorescein angiography. Ophthalmol Ther 11:821–831. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40123-022-00484-0

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Mularoni C, Servillo A, Sacconi R et al (2023) ’Structural OCT changes distinguishing between myopic macular haemorrhages due to choroidal neovascularization and spontaneous Bruch’s membrane rupture: the “myopic 2 binary reflective sign.” Eye (Lond). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41433-023-02780-w

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Essex RW, Wong J, Jampol LM et al (2013) Idiopathic multifocal choroiditis: a comment on present and past nomenclature. Retina 33:1–4. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e3182641860

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cicinelli MV, Ramtohul P, Marchese A et al (2023) Latest advances in white spot syndromes: new findings and interpretations. Prog Retin Eye Res 97:101207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.preteyeres.2023.101207

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kedhar SR, Thorne JE, Wittenberg S et al (2007) Multifocal choroiditis with panuveitis and punctate inner choroidopathy: comparison of clinical characteristics at presentation. Retina 27:1174–1179. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e318068de72

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) Working Group (2021) Classification criteria for multiple evanescent white dot syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol 228:198–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2021.03.050

Article  Google Scholar 

Levison AL, Baynes KM, Lowder CY et al (2017) Choroidal neovascularisation on optical coherence tomography angiography in punctate inner choroidopathy and multifocal choroiditis. Br J Ophthalmol 101:616–622. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-308806

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zahid S, Chen KC, Jung JJ et al (2017) Optical coherence tomography angiography of chorioretinal lesions due to idiopathic multifocal choroiditis. Retina 37:1451–1463. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0000000000001381

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hoang QV, Cunningham ET, Sorenson JA, Freund KB (2013) The “pitchfork sign” a distinctive optical coherence tomography finding in inflammatory choroidal neovascularization. Retina 33:1049–1055. https://doi.org/10.1097/IAE.0b013e31827e25b8

Article  PubMed 

Comments (0)

No login
gif