Morris MA, Meier SK, Griffin JM, Branda ME, Phelan SM. Prevalence and etiologies of adult communication disabilities in the United States: Results from the 2012 National Health Interview Survey. Disabil Health J. 2016;9(1):140-4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2015.07.004.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Blackwell DL, Lucas JW, Clarke TC. Summary health statistics for U.S. adults: National Health Interview Survey, 2012. Vital Health Stat. 2014;10(260):1-161.

Stransky M, Jensen K, Morris MA. Adults with Communication Disabilities Experience Poorer Health and Healthcare Outcomes Compared to People without Communication Disabilities. J Gen Intern Med. 2018;33(12):2147-2155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-018-4625-1.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mitra M, Akobirshoev I, McKee MM, Iezzoni LI. Birth Outcomes Among U.S. Women With Hearing Loss. Am J Prev Med. 2016;51(6):865-873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2016.08.001.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hoffman JM, Yorkston KM, Shumway-Cook A, Ciol MA, Dudgeon BJ, Chan L. Effect of communication disability on satisfaction with health care: a survey of medicare beneficiaries. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2005;14(3):221-8. https://doi.org/10.1044/1058-0360(2005/022.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bartlett G, Blais R, Tamblyn R, Clermont RJ, MacGibbon B. Impact of patient communication problems on the risk of preventable adverse events in acute care settings. CMAJ. 2008;178(12):1555-62. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.070690.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

McKee MM, Stransky ML, Reichard A. Hearing loss and associated medical conditions among individuals 65 years and older. Disabil Health J. 2018;11(1):122-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2017.05.007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zolnierek KB, Dimatteo MR. Physician communication and patient adherence to treatment: a meta-analysis. Med Care. 2009;47(8):826-34. https://doi.org/10.1097/MLR.0b013e31819a5acc.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stewart MA. Effective physician-patient communication and health outcomes: a review. Can Med Assoc J. 1995;152(9):1423-33.

CAS  Google Scholar 

Carrasquillo O, Orav EJ, Brennan TA, Burstin HR. Impact of language barriers on patient satisfaction in an emergency department. J Gen Intern Med. 1999;14(2):82-7. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.1999.00293.x.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Stewart M, Brown JB, Boon H, Galajda J, Meredith L, Sangster M. Evidence on patient-doctor communication. Cancer Prev Control. 1999;3(1):25-30.

CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morris MA, Dudgeon BJ, Yorkston K. A qualitative study of adult AAC users’ experiences communicating with medical providers. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2013;8(6):472-81. https://doi.org/10.3109/17483107.2012.746398.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morris MA, Yorkston K, Clayman ML. Improving Communication in the Primary Care Setting: Perspectives of Patients with Speech Disabilities. Patient. 2014;7(4):397-401. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40271-014-0067-y.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nordehn G, Meredith A, Bye L. A preliminary investigation of barriers to achieving patient-centered communication with patients who have stroke-related communication disorders. Top Stroke Rehabil Winter. 2006;13(1):68-77. https://doi.org/10.1310/5K2W-P6CD-EFDF-8HG4.

Article  Google Scholar 

Law J, Bunning K, Byng S, Farrelly S, Heyman B. Making sense in primary care: leveling the playing field for individuals with communication difficulties. Disabil Soc. 2005;20(2):169-184.

Article  Google Scholar 

Murphy J. Perceptions of communication between individuals with communication disability and general practice staff. Health Expect. 2006;9:49-59. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-7625.2006.00366.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ali A, Scior K, Ratti V, Strydom A, King M, Hassiotis A. Discrimination and other barriers to accessing health care: perspectives of patients with mild and moderate intellectual disability and their carers. PLoS One. 2013;8(8):e70855. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0070855.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Steinberg AG, Barnett S, Meador HE, Wiggins EA, Zazove P. Health care system accessibility. Experiences and perceptions of deaf people. J Gen Intern Med. 2006;21(3):260-6. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00340_1.x.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iezzoni LI, O’Day BL, Killeen M, Harker H. Communicating about health care: observations from persons who are deaf or hard of hearing. Ann Intern Med. 2004;140(5):356-62.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Raymaker DM, McDonald KE, Ashkenazy E, et al. Barriers to healthcare: Instrument development and comparison between autistic adults and adults with and without other disabilities. Autism. 2017;21(8):972-984. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361316661261.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Nicolaidis C, Raymaker DM, Ashkenazy E, et al. “Respect the way I need to communicate with you”: Healthcare experiences of adults on the autism spectrum. Autism. 2015;19(7):824-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362361315576221.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Simmons-Mackie N, Raymer A, Cherney LR. Communication Partner Training in Aphasia: An Updated Systematic Review. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2016;97(12):2202-2221.e8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2016.03.023.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kagan A, Black SE, Duchan FJ, Simmons-Mackie N, Square P. Training volunteers as conversation partners using “Supported Conversation for Adults with Aphasia” (SCA): a controlled trial. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2001;44(3):624-38. https://doi.org/10.1044/1092-4388(2001/051).

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hemsley B, Balandin S. A metasynthesis of patient-provider communication in hospital for patients with severe communication disabilities: informing new translational research. Augment Altern Commun. 2014;30(4):329-43. https://doi.org/10.3109/07434618.2014.955614.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bender EN, Savundranayagam MY, Murray L, Orange JB. Supportive strategies for nonverbal communication with persons living with dementia: A scoping review. Int J Nurs Stud. 2022;136:104365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104365.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morris MA, Clayman ML, Peters KJ, Leppin AL, LeBlanc A. Patient-centered communication strategies for patients with aphasia: Discrepancies between what patients want and what physicians do. Disabil Health J. 2015;8(2):208-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dhjo.2014.09.007.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Creswell JW. Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Traditions SAGE Publications, Inc.; 1998.

Law J, Bunning K, Byng S, Farrelly S, Heyman B. Making sense in primary care: levelling the playing field for people with communication difficulties. Disabil Soc. 2005;20(2):169-184.

Article  Google Scholar 

Agaronnik N, Campbell EG, Ressalam J, Iezzoni LI. Communicating with Patients with Disability: Perspectives of Practicing Physicians. J Gen Intern Med. 2019;34(7):1139-1145. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-019-04911-0.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Burns M, Baylor C, Dudgeon BJ, Starks H, Yorkston K. Asking the Stakeholders: Perspectives of Individuals With Aphasia, Their Family Members, and Physicians Regarding Communication in Medical Interactions. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2015;24(3):341-57. https://doi.org/10.1044/2015_AJSLP-14-0051.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ziviani J, Lennox N, Allison H, Lyons M, Del Mar C. Meeting in the middle: Improving communication in primary health care consultations with people with an intellectual disability. J Intellect Dev Disabil. 2004;29(3):211-225.

Article  Google Scholar 

The Joint Commission: Advancing Effective Communication, Cultural Competence, and Patient- and Family-Centered Care: A Roadmap for Hospitals. Oakbrook Terrace, IL: The Joint Commission, 2010.

IHI.org. Ask Me 3. Accessed October 1, 2023. http://www.ihi.org/resources/Pages/Tools/Ask-Me-3-Good-Questions-for-You.

Hsieh HF, Shannon SE. Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qual Health Res. 2005;15(9):1277-88. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wolcott MD, Lobczowski NG. Using cognitive interviews and think-aloud protocols to understand thought processes. Curr Pharm Teach Learn. 2021;13(2):181-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cptl.2020.09.005.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cohen DJ, Crabtree BF. Evaluative criteria for qualitative research in health care: controversies and recommendations. Ann Fam Med. 2008;6(4):331-9. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.818.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Mays N, Pope C. Qualitative research in health care. Assessing quality in qualitative research. BMJ (Clin Res ed). 2000;320(7226):50-2.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Finlay L. “Outing” the researcher: the provenance, process, and practice of reflexivity. Qual Health Res. 2002;12(4):531-45.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iezzoni LI, Rao SR, Ressalam J, et al. Physicians’ Perceptions Of People With Disability And Their Health Care. Health Aff (Millwood). 2021;40(2):297-306. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2020.01452.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Iezzoni LI, Rao SR, Ressalam J, et al. US Physicians’ Knowledge About The Americans With Disabilities Act And Accommodation Of Patients With Disability. Health Aff (Millwood). 2022;41(1):96-104. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2021.01136.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Morris MA, Lagu T, Maragh-Bass A, Liesinger J, Griffin JM. Development of Patient-Centered Disability Status Questions to Address Equity in Care. Joint Comm J Qual Patient Saf. 2017;43(12):642-650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjq.2017.06.011.

Article