This chapter will cover three important phases in a female athlete's life: pregnancy, postpartum, and menopause. These life events bring about hormonal, physiological, and biomechanical changes that can significantly impact orthopedic health. We aim to emphasize specific conditions that are most common for this population including the most common musculoskeletal conditions and treatments, exercise recommendations, as well as surgical and anesthesia considerations. Patients dealing with pregnancy, the post-partum period, and menopause have specific needs which should be addressed cautiously due to concern for increased harm from what would be more traditional treatment strategies outside of this group.

In our chapter we will address specific surgical and anesthetic concerns for these patients. This includes exercise in the pregnant athlete, as well as common musculoskeletal conditions and treatment for the pregnant, peripartum, post-partum and menopausal patient. Our hope with this chapter is to highlight important considerations to increase awareness for these groups of patients. Implementing evidence-based management strategies will empower healthcare professionals to optimize women's orthopedic health, thereby enhancing their overall well-being and quality of life.