Dhole SD, Kher AS, Ghildiyal RG, Tambse MP. Chronic liver diseases in children: Clinical profile and histology. J Clin Diagn Res. 2015;9:SC04–7.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Yang CH, Perumpail BJ, Yoo ER, Ahmed A, Kerner JA Jr. Nutritional needs and support for children with chronic liver disease. Nutrients. 2017;9:1127.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ruzman L, Mikolasevic I, BarabaDekanic K, Milic S, Palcevski G. Advances in diagnosis of chronic liver diseases in pediatric patients. World J Pediatr. 2018;14:541–7.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Widodo AD, Soelaeman EJ, Dwinanda N, Narendraswari PP, Purnomo B. Chronic liver disease is a risk factor for malnutrition and growth retardation in children. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2017;26:s57-60.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Young S, Kwarta E, Azzam R, Sentongo T. Nutrition assessment and support in children with end-stage liver disease. Nutr Clin Pract. 2013;28:317–29.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bedossa P. Sampling variability of liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Hepatology. 2003;38:1449–57.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Xiao G, Zhu S, Xiao X, Yan L, Yang J, Wu G. Comparison of laboratory tests, ultrasound, or magnetic resonance elastography to detect fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A meta-analysis. Hepatology. 2017;66:1486–501.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Van Thiel DH, Gavaler JS, Wright H, Tzakis A. Liver biopsy. Its safety and complications as seen at a liver transplant center. Transplantation. 1993;55:1087–90.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hwang J-Y, Yoon HM, Kim JR, et al. Diagnostic performance of transient elastography for liver fibrosis in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Roentgenol. 2018;211:W257–66.

Berzigotti A, Abraldes JG, Tandon P, et al. Ultrasonographic evaluation of liver surface and transient elastography in clinically doubtful cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2010;52:846–53.

Sandrin L, Fourquet B, Hasquenoph J-M, et al. Transient elastography: a new noninvasive method for assessment of hepatic fibrosis. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2003;29:1705–13.

Arena U, Vizzutti F, Abraldes JG, et al. Reliability of transient elastography for the diagnosis of advanced fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Gut. 2008;57:1288–93.

Lupşor-Platon M, Badea R, Gersak M, et al. Noninvasive assessment of liver diseases using 2D shear wave elastography. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2016;25:525–32.

Jain V, Poddar U, Negi TS, et al. Utility and accuracy of transient elastography in determining liver fibrosis: a case-control study. Eur J Pediatr. 2020;179:671–7.

Fitzpatrick E, Quaglia A, Vimalesvaran S, Basso MS, Dhawan A. Transient elastography is a useful noninvasive tool for the evaluation of fibrosis in paediatric chronic liver disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2013;56:72–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Behairy BE-S, Sira MM, Zalata KR, Salama E-SE, Abd-Allah MA. Transient elastography compared to liver biopsy and morphometry for predicting fibrosis in pediatric chronic liver disease: Does etiology matter? World J Gastroenterol. 2016;22:4238–49.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Shen Q-L, Chen Y-J, Wang Z-M, et al. Assessment of liver fibrosis by Fibroscan as compared to liver biopsy in biliary atresia. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21:6931–6.

Nobili V, Vizzutti F, Arena U, et al. Accuracy and reproducibility of transient elastography for the diagnosis of fibrosis in pediatric nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatology. 2008;48:442–8.

Tran LC, Ley D, Bourdon G, et al. Noninvasive pediatric liver fibrosis measurement: Two-dimensional shear wave elastography compared with transient elastography. Front Pediatr. 2022;10:849815.

Ding C, Wang Z, Peng C, Pang W, Tan SS, Chen Y. Diagnosis of liver cirrhosis with two-dimensional shear wave elastography in biliary atresia before Kasai portoenterostomy. Pediatr Surg Int. 2022;38:209–15.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lin Y, Ding H, Zhuang Y, Zhang Y, Zhu YL, Wang WP. Expanded clinical verification of effectiveness of two-dimensional-shear wave elastography in the noninvasive evaluation of hepatic fibrosis. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2018;98:1148–51.

Kim DW, Suh CH, Kim KW, Pyo J, Park C, Jung SC. Technical performance of two-dimensional shear wave elastography for measuring liver stiffness: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Korean J Radiol. 2019;20:880–93.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Varbobitis IC, Siakavellas SI, Koutsounas IS, et al. Reliability and applicability of two-dimensional shear-wave elastography for the evaluation of liver stiffness. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;28:1204–9.

Nakamura Y, Aikata H, Fukuhara T, et al. Liver fibrosis assessment by FibroScan compared with pathological findings of liver resection specimen in hepatitis C infection. Hepatol Res. 2017;47:767–72.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

de Lédinghen V, Le Bail B, Rebouissoux L, et al. Liver stiffness measurement in children using fibroscan: Feasibility study and comparison with fibrotest, aspartate transaminase to platelets ratio index, and liver biopsy. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2007;45:443–50.

Breton E, Bridoux-Henno L, Guyader D, et al. Value of transient elastography in noninvasive assessment in children’s hepatic fibrosis. Arch Pediatr. 2009;16:1005–10.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fraquelli M, Rigamonti C, Casazza G, et al. Reproducibility of transient elastography in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in patients with chronic liver disease. Gut. 2007;56:968–73.

Farmakis SG, Buchanan PM, Guzman MA, Hardy AK, Jain AK, Teckman JH. Shear wave elastography correlates with liver fibrosis scores in pediatric patients with liver disease. Pediatr Radiol. 2019;49:1742–53.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Gao Y, Zhu L, Xiao H, et al. Clinical study of the value of shear wave elastography in evaluating the degree of liver fibrosis in children. Abdom Radiol. 2023;48:1298–305.

Microsoft Corporation (2013) Microsoft Excel 2013 [Computer software].

IBM Corp. Released 2012. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.

Goksuluk D, Korkmaz G, Karaagaoglu A Ergun. easyROC: An Interactive Web-tool for ROC Curve Analysis Using R Language Environment [Internet]. n.d. [cited 2023 August 10]. Available from: http://biosoft.erciyes.edu.tr/app/easyROC/.

Lee S, Choi YH, Cho YJ, et al. The usefulness of noninvasive liver stiffness assessment using shear-wave elastography for predicting liver fibrosis in children. BMC Med Imaging. 2021;21:68.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gao Y, Zhu L, Xiao H, et al. Clinical study of the value of shear wave elastography in evaluating the degree of liver fibrosis in children. Abdom Radiol (NY). 2023;48:1298–305.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Tutar O, Beşer ÖF, Adaletli I, et al. Shear wave elastography in the evaluation of liver fibrosis in children. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2014;58:750–5.

Galina P, Alexopoulou E, Mentessidou A, et al. Diagnostic accuracy of two-dimensional shear wave elastography in detecting hepatic fibrosis in children with autoimmune hepatitis, biliary atresia and other chronic liver diseases. Pediatr Radiol. 2021;51:1358–68.

Garcovich M, Veraldi S, Di Stasio E, et al. Liver stiffness in pediatric patients with fatty liver disease: Diagnostic accuracy and reproducibility of shear-wave elastography. Radiology. 2017;283:820–7.

Lee SM, Lee JM, Kang H-J, et al. Liver fibrosis staging with a new 2D-shear wave elastography using comb-push technique: Applicability, reproducibility, and diagnostic performance. PLoS One. 2017;12:e0177264.

Samir AE, Dhyani M, Vij A, et al. Shear-wave elastography for the estimation of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease: determining accuracy and ideal site for measurement. Radiology. 2015;274:888–96.

Ferraioli G, Tinelli C, Dal Bello B, et al. Accuracy of real-time shear wave elastography for assessing liver fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C: A pilot study. Hepatology. 2012;56:2125–33.

Castéra L, Vergniol J, Foucher J, et al. Prospective comparison of transient elastography, Fibrotest, APRI, and liver biopsy for the assessment of fibrosis in chronic hepatitis C. Gastroenterology. 2005;128:343–50.

Wong VW-S, Vergniol J, Wong GL-H, et al. Diagnosis of fibrosis and cirrhosis using liver stiffness measurement in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Hepatology. 2010;51:54–62.

Article  Google Scholar 

Huwart L, Sempoux C, Vicaut E, et al. Magnetic resonance elastography for the noninvasive staging of liver fibrosis. Gastroenterology. 2008;135:32–40.