Peterson S, Piercy J, Blackburn S, Sullivan E, Karyekar CS, Li N. The multifaceted impact of anxiety and depression on patients with rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Rheumatol. 2019;3:43.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Matcham F, Rayner L, Steer S, Hotopf M. The prevalence of depression in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2013;52:2136–48.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Englbrecht M, Alten R, Aringer M, et al. New insights into the prevalence of depressive symptoms and depression in rheumatoid arthritis—implications from the prospective multicenter VADERA II study. PLoS ONE. 2019;14: e0217412.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

World Health Organization. Depression fact sheet. 2023. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/depression. Accessed 7 Feb 2023.

Covic T, Cumming SR, Pallant JF, et al. Depression and anxiety in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: prevalence rates based on a comparison of the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS) and the Hospital, Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). BMC Psychiatry. 2012;12:6.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

VanDyke MM, Parker JC, Smarr KL, et al. Anxiety in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2004;51:408–12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vallerand IA, Patten SB, Barnabe C. Depression and the risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 2019;31:279–84.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lwin MN, Serhal L, Holroyd C, Edwards CJ. Rheumatoid arthritis: the impact of mental health on disease: a narrative review. Rheumatol Ther. 2020;7:457–71.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Lu MC, Guo HR, Lin MC, Livneh H, Lai NS, Tsai TY. Bidirectional associations between rheumatoid arthritis and depression: a nationwide longitudinal study. Sci Rep. 2016;6:20647.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Michelsen B, Kristianslund EK, Sexton J, et al. Do depression and anxiety reduce the likelihood of remission in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis? Data from the prospective multicentre NOR-DMARD study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2017;76:1906–10.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Isnardi CA, Capelusnik D, Schneeberger EE, et al. Depression is a major determinant of functional capacity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2021;27:S180–5.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hattori Y, Katayama M, Kida D, Kaneko A. Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Score is an independent factor associated with the EuroQoL 5-Dimensional Descriptive System in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Rheumatol. 2018;24:308–12.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matcham F, Norton S, Scott DL, Steer S, Hotopf M. Symptoms of depression and anxiety predict treatment response and long-term physical health outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis: secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Rheumatology (Oxford). 2016;55:268–78.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Sturgeon JA, Finan PH, Zautra AJ. Affective disturbance in rheumatoid arthritis: psychological and disease-related pathways. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2016;12:532–42.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nerurkar L, Siebert S, McInnes IB, Cavanagh J. Rheumatoid arthritis and depression: an inflammatory perspective. Lancet Psychiatry. 2019;6:164–73.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li YC, Chou YC, Chen HC, Lu CC, Chang DM. Interleukin-6 and interleukin-17 are related to depression in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Int J Rheum Dis. 2019;22:980–5.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Matcham F, Norton S, Steer S, Hotopf M. Usefulness of the SF-36 Health Survey in screening for depressive and anxiety disorders in rheumatoid arthritis. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2016;17:224.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Burmester GR, Blanco R, Charles-Schoeman C, et al. Tofacitinib (CP-690,550) in combination with methotrexate in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis with an inadequate response to tumour necrosis factor inhibitors: a randomised phase 3 trial. Lancet. 2013;381:451–60.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van der Heijde D, Tanaka Y, Fleischmann R, et al. Tofacitinib (CP-690,550) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis receiving methotrexate: twelve-month data from a twenty-four-month phase III randomized radiographic study. Arthritis Rheum. 2013;65:559–70.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

van Vollenhoven RF, Fleischmann R, Cohen S, et al. Tofacitinib or adalimumab versus placebo in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:508–19.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fleischmann R, Kremer J, Cush J, et al. Placebo-controlled trial of tofacitinib monotherapy in rheumatoid arthritis. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:495–507.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kremer J, Li Z-G, Hall S, et al. Tofacitinib in combination with nonbiologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs in patients with active rheumatoid arthritis: a randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 2013;159:253–61.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fleischmann R, Mysler E, Hall S, et al. Efficacy and safety of tofacitinib monotherapy, tofacitinib with methotrexate, and adalimumab with methotrexate in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (ORAL Strategy): a phase 3b/4, double-blind, head-to-head, randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2017;390:457–68.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 1988;31:315–24.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Strand V, Boers M, Idzerda L, et al. It’s good to feel better but it’s better to feel good and even better to feel good as soon as possible for as long as possible. Response criteria and the importance of change at OMERACT 10. J Rheumatol. 2011;38:1720–7.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dowlati Y, Herrmann N, Swardfager W, et al. A meta-analysis of cytokines in major depression. Biol Psychiat. 2010;67:446–57.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Wenger A, Calabrese P. Comparing underlying mechanisms of depression in multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. J Integr Neurosci. 2021;20:765–76.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Khairova RA, Machado-Vieira R, Du J, Manji HK. A potential role for pro-inflammatory cytokines in regulating synaptic plasticity in major depressive disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2009;12:561–78.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Fukuyama T, Tschernig T, Qi Y, Volmer DA, Baumer W. Aggression behaviour induced by oral administration of the Janus-kinase inhibitor tofacitinib, but not oclacitinib, under stressful conditions. Eur J Pharmacol. 2015;764:278–82.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Jang Y, Lee WJ, Lee HS, Chu K, Lee SK, Lee ST. Tofacitinib treatment for refractory autoimmune encephalitis. Epilepsia. 2021;62:e53–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lagarde S, Villeneuve N, Trébuchon A, et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha therapy (adalimumab) in Rasmussen’s encephalitis: an open pilot study. Epilepsia. 2016;57:956–66.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Harrington R, Al Nokhatha SA, Conway R. JAK inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: an evidence-based review on the emerging clinical data. J Inflamm Res. 2020;13:519–31.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Busch-Dienstfertig M, González-Rodríguez S. IL-4, JAK-STAT signaling, and pain. JAKSTAT. 2013;2: e27638.

PubMed  Google Scholar 

Crispino N, Ciccia F. JAK/STAT pathway and nociceptive cytokine signalling in rheumatoid arthritis and psoriatic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2021;39:668–75.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Süß P, Rothe T, Hoffmann A, Schlachetzki JCM, Winkler J. The joint-brain axis: insights from rheumatoid arthritis on the crosstalk between chronic peripheral inflammation and the brain. Front Immunol. 2020;11: 612104.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Gossec L, Citera G, Sellas-Fernández A, Gruben DC, Valderrama M, Gómez S. Tofacitinib treatment in patients with psoriatic arthritis and probable depression and/or anxiety: a post hoc analysis of two Phase 3 clinical trials [abstract]. Ann Rheum Dis. 2021;80(Suppl 1):782.

Article  Google Scholar 

Behrens F, Burmester GR, Feuchtenberger M, et al. Characterisation of depressive symptoms in rheumatoid arthritis patients treated with tocilizumab during routine daily care. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2022;40:551–9.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Shamail GMH, Haridoss M, Natarajan M, Joshua V, Bagepally BS. Association between Janus kinase inhibitors therapy and mental health outcome in rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rheumatol Ther. 2022;9:313–29.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Kekow J, Moots RJ, Emery P, et al. Patient-reported outcomes improve with etanercept plus methotrexate in active early rheumatoid arthritis and the improvement is strongly associated with remission: the COMET trial. Ann Rheum Dis. 2010;69:222–5.