1Territorial Gastroenterology Service, ASL BAT, Andria, Barletta-Andria-Trani, Italy;

2Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, School of Medicine, Catholic University, Rome, Italy;

3Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy;

4IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, Milan, Italy;

5Division of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, “Cristo Re” Hospital, Rome, Italy;

6Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Gastroenterology Unit, University of Parma, Parma, Italy;

7Division of Gastroenterology, “S. Camillo” Hospital, Rome, Italy;

8Division of Surgery, “P. Colombo” Hospital, ASL RM6, Velletri, Rome, Italy;

9Division of Gastroenterology, “Santa Caterina Novella” Hospital, Galatina, Lecce, Italy;

10Division of Gastroenterology, “San Donato” Hospital, San Donato Milanese, Michigan, Italy;

11Institute of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil;

12Department of Medicine and Surgery, Gastroenterology and Hepatology Unit, “Santa Maria Della Misericordia” University Hospital, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy;

13Division of Gastroenterology, “T. Maresca” Hospital, Torre Del Greco, Naples, Italy;

14Digestive Endoscopy Unit, “San Matteo Degli Infermi” Hospital, Spoleto, Perugia, Italy;

15Digestive Endoscopy Unit, “Sant’Agostino Estense” Hospital, Baggiovara, Missouri, Italy;

162nd Medical Department, “Iuliu Hatieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania;

17Central University of Venezuela, Loira Medical Center, Caracas, Venezuela;

18Service of Digestive Endoscopy, “Villa Dei Pini” Home Care, Civitanova Marche, Macerata, Italy;

19Digestive Endoscopy Unit, “Santa Maria Goretti” Hospital, Latina, Italy;

20Digestive Endoscopy Unit, ULSS7 Alto Vicentino, Santorso, Virgin Islands, Italy;

21Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy “S. Giovanni-Addolorata” Hospital, Rome, Italy;

22Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg, Germany;

23Health Sciences, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany;

24Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, San Salvatore Hospital, Department of Life, Health & Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy;

25Division of Gastroenterology, “L. Sacco” University Hospital, Milan, Italy;

26Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Federico II” University Hospital, Naples, Italy;

27Department of Anorectal Physiology, “São José” Home Care, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;

28Department of Colorectal Surgery, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil;

29Department of Colorectal Surgery, King's College Hospital, London, United Kingdom;

30Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Clinical Oncology, Centre of Postgraduate Medical Education and Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland;

311st Division of General Surgery, “Umberto I” University Hospital, “Sapienza” University, Rome, Italy;

32Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University Hospital, Vilnius, Lithuania;

33Digestive Endoscopy Unit, “Valle D'Itria” Hospital, Martina Franca, Taranto, Italy;

34Division of Gastroenterology, “Pugliese-Ciaccio” Hospital, Catanzaro, Italy;

35Digestive Endoscopy Unit, “F. Perinei,” Altamura, Bari, Italy;

36Division of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, IRCCS “A. Gemelli” Hospital, Fondazione Policlinico Gemelli, Catholic University, Rome, Italy;

37Division of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, “Bucchieri-La Ferla” Hospital, Palermo, Italy;

38Division of Gastroenterology, “Belcolle” Hospital, Viterbo, Italy;

39Division of Gastroenterology, “Nuovo Regina Margherita” Territorial Hospital, Rome, Italy;

40Department of Surgery, “Sapienza” University of Rome-Polo Pontino, Terracina, Latina, Italy;

41Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, IRCCS Ospedale “San Raffaele” and University “Vita-Salute San Raffaele,” Milan, Italy.

Correspondence: Antonio Tursi, MD. E-mail: [email protected].

SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL accompanies this paper at https://links.lww.com/AJG/C970, https://links.lww.com/AJG/C971

†The co-author Fabio Baldi, MD deceased the last year.

*Silvio Danese and Alfredo Papa contributed equally to this work.