From the Department of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (Lafreniere, Szczesniak, Courtney, Kelly); Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (Kelly); Department of Anesthesia, Pain Management & Perioperative Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada (Kelly); Pacific Vision Institute, San Francisco, California (Faktorovich).

Corresponding author: Ella G. Faktorovich, MD, Pacific Vision Institute, 505 Beach St Suite 110, San Francisco, CA 94133. Email: [email protected].

J.D. Lafreniere and A.-M. Szczesniak contributed equally to this work.

M.E.M. Kelly acknowledges funding from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (PJT-166150).

Disclosures: M.E.M. Kelly is the Chief Scientific Officer (Consultant) of Tetra Bio Pharma Inc. and is an inventor on patent WO2015/074137. J.D. Lafreniere is a Scientific Writer (Consultant) for Tetra Bio Pharma Inc. None of the other authors has any financial or proprietary interest in any material or method mentioned.

First author:J. Daniel Lafreniere, BScDepartment of Pharmacology, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada