Chronic pain after spine surgery: Insights into pathogenesis, new treatment, and preventive therapy
Keywords
Animal models
Chronic pain after spine surgery
Failed back surgery syndrome
Low back pain
Peripheral nervous system
Sensitization
AbbreviationsCPSS
chronic pain after spine surgery
NSAIDs
non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
TGF-β1
transforming growth factor-β1
BDNF
brain-derived neurotrophic factor
MCP-1
monocyte chemotactic protein-1
RCTs
randomized controlled studies
SCS
spinal cord stimulation
IDDS
intrathecal drug delivery system
NPST
non-invasive painless signaling therapy
PRF
pulsed radiofrequency treatment
CFT
cognitive functional therapy
© 2023 Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Chinese Speaking Orthopaedic Society.
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