Collaborators GBDHB. Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2022;7(9):796–829.
Johnson DB, Sullivan RJ, Menzies AM. Immune checkpoint inhibitors in challenging populations. Cancer. 2017;123(11):1904–11.
Loomba R, Liang TJ. Hepatitis B reactivation associated with immune suppressive and biological modifier therapies: current concepts, management strategies, and future directions. Gastroenterology. 2017;152(6):1297–309.
Mak LY, Wong DK, Pollicino T, Raimondo G, Hollinger FB, Yuen MF. Occult hepatitis B infection and hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiology, virology, hepatocarcinogenesis and clinical significance. J Hepatol. 2020;73(4):952–64.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Papatheodoridi M, Tampaki M, Lok AS, Papatheodoridis GV. Risk of HBV reactivation during therapies for HCC: A systematic review. Hepatology. 2022;75(5):1257–74.
Wong GL, Wong VW, Hui VW, Yip TC, Tse YK, Liang LY, et al. Hepatitis flare during immunotherapy in patients with current or past hepatitis B virus infection. Am J Gastroenterol. 2021;116(6):1274–83.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Yang Y, Sun J, Wu M, Lau WY, Zheng S, Wang XH, et al. Chinese expert consensus on immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma (2021 edition). Liver Cancer. 2022;11(6):511–26.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Hwang J, Feld J, Hammond S, Wang S, Alston-Johnson D, Cryer D, et al. Hepatitis B virus screening and management for patients with cancer prior to therapy ASCO provisional clinical opinion update. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(31):3698–715. https://doi.org/10.1200/JCO.20.01757.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Liberati AAD, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate health care interventions: explanation and elaboration. PLoS Med. 2009;6(7): e1000100.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yuan GSHW, Hu XY, Li Q, Zang MY, Cheng X, Huang W, Ruan J, Wang JJ, Hou JL, Chen JZ. Clinical efficacy and safety analysis of camrelizumab combined with apatinib as a second-line therapy for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicenter retrospective study. Chin J Hepatol. 2021;29(4):326–31 (In Chinese).
Yu YY, Wang CY, Tu B, Shen YJ, Qiu Q, Luan JS, et al. Effects of programmed death receptor-1 antibody in patients with hepatitis B-associated liver cancer. Chin J Hepatol. 2021;29(7):659–65 (In Chinese).
Pan S, Yu Y, Wang S, Tu B, Shen Y, Qiu Q, et al. Correlation of HBV DNA and hepatitis b surface antigen levels with tumor response, liver function and immunological indicators in liver cancer patients with HBV infection undergoing PD-1 inhibition combinational therapy. Front Immunol. 2022;13: 892618.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Wen X, Wang Y, Ding Y, Li D, Li J, Guo Y, et al. Safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors in Chinese patients with melanoma. Melanoma Res. 2016;26(3):284–9.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
El-Khoueiry AB, Sangro B, Yau T, Crocenzi TS, Kudo M, Hsu C, et al. Nivolumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (CheckMate 040): an open-label, non-comparative, phase 1/2 dose escalation and expansion trial. Lancet. 2017;389(10088):2492–502.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Verset G, Borbath I, Karwal M, Verslype C, Van Vlierberghe H, Kardosh A, et al. Pembrolizumab monotherapy for previously untreated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Data from the open-label, phase II KEYNOTE-224 Trial. Clin Cancer Res. 2022;28(12):2547–54.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Kudo M, Finn RS, Edeline J, Cattan S, Ogasawara S, Palmer DH, et al. Updated efficacy and safety of KEYNOTE-224: a phase II study of pembrolizumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with sorafenib. Eur J Cancer. 2022;167:1–12.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Wells GA WG, Shea B, Shea B, O'Connell D, Peterson J, et al. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) for assessing the quality of nonrandomised studies in meta-analyses. 2013. https://www.ohri.ca/programs/clinical_epidemiology/oxford.asp
Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, et al. Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology. 2018;67(4):1560–99.
Hwang JP, Lok AS. Management of patients with hepatitis B who require immunosuppressive therapy. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2014;11(4):209–19.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Higgins J, Thompson S, Deeks J, Altman D. Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses. Br Med J. 2003;327(7414):557–60.
Sun G, Wang A, Wang Y, Pu Z, Fu T, Wang Y, et al. Epidemiological characteristics of the spontaneous reactivation of HBV carriers in community population in Wuwei City. Chin J Dis Control Prev. 2017;21(4):332–5.
Gupta S, Govindarajan S, Fong T, Redeker A. Spontaneous reactivation in chronic hepatitis B: patterns and natural history. J Clin Gastroenterol. 1990;12(5):562–8.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
El Jamaly H, Eslick GD, Weltman M. Meta-analysis: hepatitis B reactivation in patients receiving biological therapy. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2022;56(7):1104–18.
Paul S, Saxena A, Terrin N, Viveiros K, Balk EM, Wong JB. Hepatitis B virus reactivation and prophylaxis during solid tumor chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2016;164(1):30–40.
Reddy KR, Beavers KL, Hammond SP, Lim JK, Falck-Ytter YT, American Gastroenterological Association I. American Gastroenterological Association Institute guideline on the prevention and treatment of hepatitis B virus reactivation during immunosuppressive drug therapy. Gastroenterology. 2015;148(1):215–9; quiz e216-217.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Dumolard L, Aspord C, Marche PN, Macek JZ. Immune checkpoints on T and NK cells in the context of HBV infection: landscape, pathophysiology and therapeutic exploitation. Front Immunol. 2023;14:1148111.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Liu J, Zhang E, Ma Z, Wu W, Kosinska A, Zhang X, et al. Enhancing virus-specific immunity in vivo by combining therapeutic vaccination and PD-L1 blockade in chronic hepadnaviral infection. PLoS Pathog. 2014;10(1): e1003856.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Gane E, Verdon DJ, Brooks AE, Gaggar A, Nguyen AH, Subramanian GM, et al. Anti-PD-1 blockade with nivolumab with and without therapeutic vaccination for virally suppressed chronic hepatitis B: a pilot study. J Hepatol. 2019;71(5):900–7.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Liu Z, Li M, Hutton DW, Wagner AL, Yao Y, Zhu W, et al. Impact of the national hepatitis B immunization program in China: a modeling study. Infect Dis Poverty. 2022;11(1):106.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhu AX, Finn RS, Edeline J, Cattan S, Ogasawara S, Palmer D, et al. Pembrolizumab in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma previously treated with sorafenib (KEYNOTE-224): a non-randomised, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2018;19(7):940–52.
Tio M, Rai R, Ezeoke OM, McQuade JL, Zimmer L, Khoo C, et al. Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy in patients with solid organ transplant, HIV or hepatitis B/C infection. Eur J Cancer. 2018;104:137–44.
Article CAS PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Yau T, Hsu C, Kim TY, Choo SP, Kang YK, Hou MM, et al. Nivolumab in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: Sorafenib-experienced Asian cohort analysis. J Hepatol. 2019;71(3):543–52.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Finn RS, Ryoo BY, Merle P, Kudo M, Bouattour M, Lim HY, et al. Pembrolizumab as second-line therapy in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma in KEYNOTE-240: a randomized, double-blind, phase iii trial. J Clin Oncol. 2020;38(3):193–202.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Shah NJ, Al-Shbool G, Blackburn M, Cook M, Belouali A, Liu SV, et al. Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in cancer patients with HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C viral infection. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7(1):353.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Zhang X, Zhou Y, Chen C, Fang W, Cai X, Zhang X, et al. Hepatitis B virus reactivation in cancer patients with positive Hepatitis B surface antigen undergoing PD-1 inhibition. J Immunother Cancer. 2019;7(1):322.
Article PubMed PubMed Central Google Scholar
Qin S, Ren Z, Meng Z, Chen Z, Chai X, Xiong J, et al. Camrelizumab in patients with previously treated advanced hepatocellular carcinoma: a multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(4):571–80.
Article CAS PubMed Google Scholar
Pertejo-Fernandez A, Ricciuti B, Hammond SP, Marty FM, Recondo G, Rangachari D, et al. Safety and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in patients with non-small cell lung cancer and hepatitis B or hepatitis C infection. Lung Cancer. 2020;145:181–5.
Comments (0)