∗ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, Fudan University

†NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai

‡Department of Otolaryngology, The People's Hospital of Danyang; Affiliated Danyang Hospital of Nantong University, Danyang, Jiangsu Province, People's Republic of China

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Dongdong Ren, Ph.D., ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, and NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China; E-mail: [email protected]; Yasheng Yuan, Ph.D., ENT Institute and Otorhinolaryngology Department, Affiliated Eye and ENT Hospital, and NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai 200031, People's Republic of China; E-mail: [email protected]

J.L. and W.W. have contributed equally to this work.

Sources of support and disclosure of funding: This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant nos. 81771017, 81970880, and 82271166 to D.R.), the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai (22ZR1410100 to D.R.), the “Zhuo-Xue Plan” of Fudan University to D.R., the Original Research Personalized Support Project of Fudan University to D.R., the Medical and industrial integration project of Fudan University to D.R., Shanghai 2020 “Science and Technology Innovation Action Plan”–“One Belt One Road” International Cooperation Project (20410740600 to Y.Y.), and Clinical Research Plan of SHDC (No. SHDC2020CR1049B to Y.Y.).

Clinical trial registration: This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2000036300).

Ethics approval statement and patient consent statement: The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University (approval number: 2019076). The patients' consent for the clinical trial has been assigned before the operation.

The authors disclose no conflicts of interest.

Data availability statement: The data that support the findings of this study are available on request from the corresponding author. The data are not publicly available because of privacy or ethical restrictions.

Authorship statement: J.L., W.W., B.C., D.R., and Y.Y. designed the work; J.L., W.W., B.C., D.R., Y.W., H.S., and Y.Y. acquired and analyzed data; J.L. drafted, revised, and approved the manuscript; Y.Y. and D.R. agree to be accountable for all aspects of the work.