∗Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

†Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, San Antonio Uniformed Services Health Education Consortium, JBSA, Houston, Texas

‡Cochlear Center for Hearing and Public Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

§Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland

¶Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

∗∗Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

††Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

‡‡Department of Neurologic Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota

Address correspondence and reprint requests to Matthew L. Carlson, M.D., Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st St SW, Rochester, MN 55905; E-mailto: [email protected]

Conflicts of interest: R.C.P. has been a consultant for Roche, Biogen, Merck, Eisai, Genentech, and Nestle; receives publishing royalties from Mild Cognitive Impairment (Oxford University Press, 2003) and UpToDate; and receives research support from the U.S. National Institutes of Health. N.S.R. is on the advisory board of Neosensory and receives funding from the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute on Aging. M.V. has received research funding from F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Biogen in the past, consults for F. Hoffmann-La Roche, receives research funding from the National Institutes of Health, and has equity ownership in Abbott Laboratories, Johnson and Johnson, Medtronic, AbbVie, and Amgen. All other authors declare no competing interests.

Statement of originality and IRB compliance: This manuscript represents original material that has not been previously submitted and is not under consideration elsewhere. The research was performed following IRB approval (IRB 20-004354).