1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

2Department of Anesthesia, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland

3The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland

aEmail address for corresponding author: [email protected]

Investigation performed at The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland

Disclosure: The Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest forms are provided with the online version of the article (https://links.lww.com/JBJSREV/A998).