Abstract

Objectives
The present study aimed to evaluate the serum proteome of women with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)/bipolar disorder (BP) compared to pure OCD subjects and healthy controls.
Materials & Methods
Serum proteome of women with OCD/BP, pure OCD individuals, and healthy controls were subjected to 2DE-based proteomics accompanied with MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometry. Further evaluation of the identified protein spots with the significance of p<0.05 and fold≥1.5 was done by applying protein interaction mapping via Cytoscape v.5.3.1 and its plugins.
Results
The results indicate that vitamin D binding protein (GC) and haptoglobin spots (HP) significantly changed expression in OCD and OCD/BP with different expression patterns. These identified spots may contribute to OCD/BP and act as differentially recognized biomarkers comparing pure OCD and OCD/BP.
Conclusion
The Findings imply that these proteins in the serum of the patients could be potential distinguishable biomarkers in clinical usage after related validation experiments. Therefore, this study provides a preliminary evaluation to understand OCD/BP proteome behavior better.

Keywords: Obsessive Compulsive Disorder; Bipolar disorder; Comorbidity, Proteomics, 2D electrophoresis, Serum Profiling References

1. Amerio A, Tonna M, Odone A, Stubbs B, Ghaemi S. Course of illness in comorbid bipolar disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder patients. Asian journal of psychiatry. 2016;20:12-4.
2. Amerio A, Stubbs B, Odone A, Tonna M, Marchesi C, Ghaemi S. The prevalence and predictors of comorbid bipolar disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of affective disorders. 2015;186:99-109.
3. Perugi G, Toni C, Frare F, Travierso MC, Akiskal HS. Obsessive-Compulsive–Bipolar Comorbidity: A Systematic Exploration of Clinical Features and Treatment Outcome [CME]. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2002;63(12):1129-34.
4. Amerio A, Odone A, Liapis C, Ghaemi SN. Diagnostic validity of comorbid bipolar disorder and obsessive–compulsive disorder: a systematic review. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2014;129(5):343-58.
5. Jeon S, Baek JH, Yang SY, Choi Y, Ahn SW, Ha K, et al. Exploration of comorbid obsessive-compulsive disorder in patients with bipolar disorder: The clinic-based prevalence rate, symptoms nature and clinical correlates. Journal of affective disorders. 2018;225:227-33.
6. Taylor S. Molecular genetics of obsessive-compulsive disorder: a comprehensive meta-analysis of genetic association studies. Molecular psychiatry. 2013;18(7):799.
7. Azodi MZ, Tavirani MR, Oskouie AA, Hamdieh M, Derakhshan MK, Ahmadzadeh A, et al. Fluoxetine Regulates Ig Kappa Chain C Region Expression Levels in the Serum of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Patients: A proteomic Approach. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2017;16(3).
8. Levin Y, Wang L, Schwarz E, Koethe D, Leweke F, Bahn S. Global proteomic profiling reveals altered proteomic signature in schizophrenia serum. Molecular psychiatry. 2010;15(11):1088-100.
9. Davalieva K, Kostovska IM, Dwork AJ. Proteomics Research in Schizophrenia. Frontiers in cellular neuroscience. 2016;10.
10. Zamanian-Azodi M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Nejadi N, Arefi Oskouie A, Zayeri F, Hamdieh M, et al. Serum proteomic profiling of obsessive-compulsive disorder, washing subtype: a preliminary study. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. 2017;8(4):307-16.
11. Hasanzadeh H, Rezaie-Tavirani M, Seyyedi S, Emadi A. Proteomics Study of extremely low frequency electromagnetic field (50 Hz) on human neuroblastoma cells. Koomesh. 2015;17(1):233-8.
12. Mucci F, Toni C, Favaretto E, Vannucchi G, Marazziti D, Perugi G. Obsessive-compulsive disorder with comorbid bipolar disorders: clinical features and treatment implications. Current medicinal chemistry. 2017.
13. Jaffe A, Deep-Soboslay A, Tao R, Hauptman D, Kaye W, Arango V, et al. Genetic neuropathology of obsessive psychiatric syndromes. Translational psychiatry. 2014;4(9):e432.
14. Esnafoğlu E, Yaman E. Vitamin B12, folic acid, homocysteine and vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder. Psychiatry research. 2017;254:232-7.
15. Zamanian Azodi M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Mahboubi M, Hamidpour M, Rezaei Tavirani M, Hamdieh M, et al. Serum Proteomic study of Women with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Washing Subtype. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience. 2017:0-.
16. Crowe RR, Noyes R, Samuelson S, Wesner R, Wilson R. Close linkage between panic disorder and a-haptoglobin excluded in 10 families. Archives of general psychiatry. 1990;47(4):377-80.
17. Alekseeva IV, Timofeyeva NA, Ivanova SA, Simutkin GG, Semke AV, Losenkov IS, et al. A distinct serum protein pattern in patients with paranoid schizophrenia. Physiology and Pharmacology. 2017;21(4):304-11.
18. Karpinski M, Mattina GF, Steiner M. Effect of Gonadal Hormones on Neurotransmitters Implicated in the Pathophysiology of Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Critical Review. Neuroendocrinology. 2017;105(1):1-16.
19. Celik G, Didem T, TAHİROĞLU A, Ayşe A, Yüksel B, Perihan Ç. Vitamin D Deficiency in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder Patients with Pediatric Autoimmune Neuropsychiatric Disorders Associated with Streptococcal Infections: A Case Control Study. Nöro Psikiyatri Arşivi. 2016;53(1):33.
20. Yazici KU, Percinel Yazici I, Ustundag B. Vitamin D levels in children and adolescents with obsessive compulsive disorder. Nordic journal of psychiatry. 2018;72(3):173-8.
21. Patel D, Minajagi M. Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in adult patients admitted to a psychiatric hospital. BJPsych bulletin. 2018;42(3):123-6.