Francesco Gravante, RN, MSN, is a nurse in the Intensive Care Unit at the Department of Anesthesiology, Local Health Authority of Caserta, Caserta, Italy.

Diana Giannarelli, BSc, is a biostatistician in the Biostatistics and Bioinformatic Unit, IRCCS Regina Elena, National Cancer Institute, Regina Elena, Rome, Italy.

Antonello Pucci, RN, MSN, is a nurse in the Trauma Intensive Care Unit at AO S. Camillo-Forlanini Hospital, Rome, Italy.

Luigi Pisani, MD, PhD, is a physician and researcher in the intensive care unit at Miulli Regional Hospital, Acquaviva delle Fonti, Italy.

Roberto Latina, RN, MSN, PhD, is an assistant professor in Nursing Science at the Department of Health Promotion Science, Maternal and Infant Care, Internal Medicine, and Medical Specialties, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.

Author contributions: All authors contributed to the realization of the project. Wrote the manuscript: Francesco Gravante, Roberto Latina and Luigi Pisani; concept: Francesco Gravante, Antonello Pucci; data collection: Antonello Pucci; interpretation and data analysis: Diana Giannarelli and Francesco Gravante; critical review: Roberto Latina, Diana Giannarelli, Luigi Pisani. All authors approved the final version.

The authors have disclosed that they have no significant relationships with, or financial interest in, any commercial companies pertaining to this article.

Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Francesco Gravante, RN, MSN, Intensive Care Unit, San Giuseppe Moscati Hospital, Via Antonio Gramsci, 1, 81031, Aversa (CE), Italy ([email protected]).

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