History of Sleep. 2021. Available from: History of sleep (news-medical.net).

A Brief History of Sleep. 2014. Available from: A brief history of sleep | World Economic Forum (weforum.org).

The Philosophy of Insomnia. 2011. Available from: The philosophy of insomnia (chronicle.com).

Broussard J, Klein S. Insufficient sleep and obesity: cause or consequence. Obesity. 2022;30(10):1914–6.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Zhou Q, Zhang M, Hu D. Dose-response association between sleep duration and obesity risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Sleep Breath. 2019;23:1035–45.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hanlon EV, Van Cauter E, Tasali E, Broussard JL. Endocrine physiology in relation to sleep and sleep disturbances. In: Kryger MH, Roth T, Goldstein CA, eds. Principles and practice of sleep medicine.7th ed. Elsevier; 2021.

Antza C, Kostopoulos G, Mostafa S, Nirantharakumar K, Tahrani A. The links between sleep duration, obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Endocrinology. 2021;252(2):125–41.

Article  Google Scholar 

Reutrakul S, Van Cauter E. Sleep influences on obesity, insulin resistance, and risk of type 2 diabetes. Metab, Clin Exp. 2018;84:56–66.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

••Liew SC, Aung T. Sleep deprivation and its association with diseases-a review. Sleep Medicine 2021:7:192–204. Well-written review of 135 papers summarizing the association between sleep deprivation and the development of disease.

Bertisch SM, Pollock BD, Mittleman MA, Buysse DJ, Bazzano LA, Gottlieb DJ, et al. Insomnia with objective short sleep duration and risk of incident cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: Sleep Heart Health Study. Sleep 2018:41.

Bhagavan SM, Sahota PK. Sleep fragmentation and atherosclerosis: is there a relationship? Mo Med. 2021;118(3):272–6.

PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Wang J, Ren X. Association between sleep duration and sleep disorder data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and Stroke Among Adults in the United States. Med Sci Monitor. 2022;3:28.

Google Scholar 

Wang Y, Wang J , Chen S, Li J, Lu Q, Vitiello MV, et al. Association of longitudinal patterns of habitual sleep duration with risk of cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality. JAMA Netw Open 2020:1:3(5).

•Bishir M, Bhat A, Essa MM, Ekpo O, Ihunwo AO, Veeraraghavan VP, et al. Sleep deprivation and neurological disorders. Biomed Res Int 2020:2020:5764017. Review of the links between sleep deprivation/restriction on the changes in gene expression and pathophysiological mechanism associated with neurological disorders.

Wang C, Holtzman M. Bidirectional relationship between sleep and Alzheimer’s disease: role of amyloid, tau and other factors. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020:45(1):1–4–120.

Markt SC, Grotta A, Nyren O, Adami HO, Mucci LA, Valdimarsdottir UA, et al. Insufficient sleep and risk of prostate cancer in a large Swedish cohort. Sleep. 2015;38:1405–10.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kuna K, Szewczyk K, Gabryelska A, Białasiewicz P, Ditmer M, Strzelecki D, et al. Potential role of sleep deficiency in inducing immune dysfunction. Biomedicines. 2022;10(9):2159.

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cheung V, Yuen VM, Wong GTC, Choi SW. The effect of sleep deprivation and disruption on DNA damage and health of doctors. Anesthesia. 2019;74:434–40.

Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

•Ballesio A, Raisa M, Aquino JV, Kyle SD, Ferlazzo F, Lombardo C. Executive functions in insomnia disorder: a systematic review and exploratory meta-analysis. Front Psychol 2019:10:101. Systematic review of the literature investigating the executive functions of inhibitory control, working memory, and cognitive flexibility in adults with insomnia.

Lowe C, Safati A, Hall P. The neurocognitive consequences of sleep restriction: a meta-analytic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2017;80:586–604.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Frau R, Traccis F, Bortolato M. Neurobehavioral complications of sleep deprivation: shedding light on the emerging role of neuroactive steroids. J Neuroendocrinol. 2020;32(1): e12792.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Statterfield B, KillgoreW. Sleep loss, executive function, and decision making. In: Grandner M, editor. Sleep and Health. Elsevier:2019.

••Chattu VK, Manzar D, Kumary S, Burman D, Spence D, Pandi-Perumal S. The global problem of insufficient sleep and its serious public health implications. Healthcare 2018:7(1):1. Comprehensive overview of the causes and consequences of insufficient sleep and considerations of how the consequences might be addressed by individuals, employers, and public policy measures.

••Mader Jr EC, Mader ACL, Singh P. Insufficient sleep syndrome: a blind spot in our vision of healthy sleep. Cureus 2022:14(10):e30928. Review of the consequences of insufficient sleep and offers insights into public-oriented and clinic-based strategies for promoting sleep health.

Fietze I, Rosenblum L, Salanitro M, Ibatov AD, Eliseeva MV, Penzel T, et al. The interplay between poor sleep and work-related health. Front Public Health. 2022;10: 866750.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hudons AN, Van Dongen HPA, Honn KA. Sleep deprivation, vigilant attention, and brain function: a review. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2020;45(1):21–30.

Article  Google Scholar 

Barnes CM, Watson NF. Why healthy sleep is good for business. Sleep Med Rev. 2019;47:112–8.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

•Hafner M, Stepanek M, Taylor J, Troxel WM, van Stolk C. Why sleep matters: the economic costs of insufficient sleep: a cross-country comparative analysis. Rand Health Q 2017:6(4):11. Highlights economical costs of insufficient sleep and provides recommendations and potential solutions.

Mitler MM, Carskadon MA, Czeisler CA, Dement WC, Dinges DF, Graeber RC. Catastrophes, sleep, and public policy: consensus report. Sleep. 1988;11(1):100–9.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research. Wake up America: a national sleep alert: report of the National Commission on Sleep Disorders Research. Washington DC: The Commission; 1993.

Google Scholar 

National Sleep Awareness Week. Sleep awareness week Archives. 2022. Available from: https://www.thensf.org/category/saw/.

World Sleep Society. 2022. Available from: https://worldsleepsociety.org/world-sleep-day/.

American Academy of Sleep Medicine. Public health campaigns — sleep education by the AASM. 2022. Available from: https://sleepeducation.org/get-involved/campaigns/.

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2020. 2022. Available from: https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/sleep-health.

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion; US Department of Health and Human Services. Healthy People 2030. Sleep. 2022. Available from: https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/browse-objectives/s.

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. (n.d.). Social determinants of health. Healthy People 2030. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2022. Available from: https://health.gov/healthypeople/objectives-and-data/social-determinants-health.

Watson NF, Badr MS, Belenky G, Bliwise DL, Buxton OM, Buysse D, et al. Joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: methodology and discussion. Sleep. 2015;38(8):1161–83.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu Y, Wheaton AG, Ghapman DP, Cunningham TJ, Lu H, Croft JB. Prevalence of healthy sleep duration among adults—United States, 2014. Morbity and Mortality Weekly. 2016;65(6):137–41.

Article  Google Scholar 

QuickStats: percentage of adults aged ≥18 years who sleep <7 hours on average in a 24-hour period, by sex and age group—National Health Interview Survey, United States, 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022:71:393.https://doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7110a.

Di H, Guo Y, Daghlas I, Wang L, Liu G, Pan A, et al. Evaluation of sleep habits and disturbances among US adults, 2017–2020. JAMA Network Open; Chicago 2022:5(11): e2240788.

National Sleep Foundation. International Bedroom Poll. 2013. Available from: http://sleepfoundation.org/sleep-polls-data/other-polls/2013-international-bedroom-poll.

Buysse D. Sleep health: can we define it? Does it matter? Sleep. 2014;37(1):9–17.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Jones CL, Jensen JD, Scherr CL, Brown NR, Christy K, Weaver J. The Health Belief Model as an explanatory framework in communication research: exploring parallel, serial, and moderated mediation. Health Commun. 2015;30(6):566–76.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Barber LK, Cucalon MS. Modifying the sleep treatment education program for students to include technology use (STEPS-TECH): intervention effects on objective and subjective sleep outcomes. Stress Health. 2017;33(5):684–90. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2746. Epub 2017 Feb 3 PMID: 28156049.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

•• Garbarino S, Tripepi G, Magnavita N. Sleep health promotion in the workplace. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(21):7952. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17217952. PMID: 33138203; PMCID: PMC7663389. This is a well-conducted study on health education with good sample size and 2 years of follow-up.

Garbarino S, Guglielmi O, Rallo G, Magnavita N. Validation of an Italian questionnaire to assess sleep disorders: the Sleep Disorders Score Questionnaire (SDS-Q) J. Health Soc. Sci. 2020;5: https://doi.org/10.19204/2020/VLDT13.

Johns MW. A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale. Sleep. 1991;14(6):540–5. https://doi.org/10.1093/sleep/14.6.540. PMID: 1798888.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Bonnar D, Lee S, Roane BM, Blum DJ, Kahn M, Jang E, et al. Evaluation of a brief sleep intervention designed to improve the sleep, mood, and cognitive performance of esports athletes. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(7):4146. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074146. PMID: 35409833; PMCID: PMC8998799.

Brown KW, Ryan RM. The benefits of being present: mindfulness and its role in psychological well-being. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2003;84(4):822–48. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.84.4.822. PMID: 12703651.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Querstret D, Cropley M, Fife-Schaw C. Internet-based instructor-led mindfulness for work-related rumination, fatigue, and sleep: assessing facets of mindfulness as mechanisms of change. A randomized waitlist control trial. J Occup Health Psychol. 2017;22(2):153–169: https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000028. Epub 2016. PMID: 27054503.

Buysse DJ, Reynolds CF 3rd, Monk TH, Berman SR, Kupfer DJ. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index: a new instrument for psychiatric practice and research. Psychiatry Res. 1989;28(2):193–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-1781(89)90047-4. PMID: 2748771.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

•• Murawski B, Wade L, Plotnikoff RC, Lubans DR, Duncan MJ. A systematic review and meta-analysis of cognitive and behavioral interventions to improve sleep health in adults without sleep disorders. Sleep Med Rev. 2018;40:160–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2017.12.003. Systematic review of 11 articles regarding behavioral interventions is adults with no sleep disorders.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

•• Redeker NS, Caruso CC, Hashmi SD, Mullington JM, Grandner M, Morgenthaler TI. Workplace interventions to promote sleep health and an alert, healthy workforce. J Clin Sleep Med. 2019;15(4):649–57. https://doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.7734. PMID: 30952228; PMCID: PMC6457507. A review of 50 articles regarding interventions in the work place.

Mograss M, Abi-Jaoude J, Frimpong E, Chalati D, Moretto U, Tarelli L, et al. The effects of napping on night-time sleep in healthy young adults. J Sleep Res. 2022;31(5):e13578. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsr.13578. Epub 2022. PMID: 35253300.

Ajjimaporn A, Ramyarangsi P, Siripornpanich V. Effects of a 20-min nap after sleep deprivation on brain activity and soccer performance. Int J Sports Med. 2020;41(14):1009–16. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1192-6187. Epub 2020 Jul 6 PMID: 32629506.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Romdhani M, Souissi N, Chaabouni Y, Mahdouani K, Driss T, Chamari K, et al. Improved physical performance and decreased muscular and oxidative damage with postlunch napping after partial sleep deprivation in athletes. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2020;15(6):874–83. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0308. PMID: 32023544.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Boukhris O, Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Abdessalem R, Hsouna H, Glenn JM, et al. A 90 min daytime nap opportunity is better than 40 min for cognitive and physical performance. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020;17(13):4650. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17134650. PMID: 32605240; PMCID: PMC7369743.

Sirohi P, Khan MH, Sharma S, Nuhmani S, Al Muslem WH, Abualait T. A systematic review of effects of daytime napping strategies on sports performance in physically active individuals with and without partial-sleep deprivation. PeerJ. 2022;10:e14460. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.14460. PMID: 36518294; PMCID: PMC9744144.

Ai JY, Kuan G, Juang LY, Lee CH, Kueh YC, Chu IH, et al. Effects of multi-component exercise on sleep quality in middle-aged adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022;19(23):15472. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192315472. PMID: 36497548; PMCID: PMC9737228.

Curi VS, Vilaça J, Haas AN, Fernandes HM. Effects of 16-weeks of pilates on health perception and sleep quality among elderly women. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2018;74:118–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2017.10.012. PMID: 29096225.

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Cassim TZ, McGregor KM, Nocera JR, García VV, Sinon CG, Kreuzer M, et al. Effects of exercise on the sleep microarchitecture in the aging brain: a study on a sedentary sample. Front Syst Neurosci. 2022;16:855107. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnsys.2022.855107. PMID: 36387307; PMCID: PMC9644157.

Vanderlinden J, Boen F, Puyenbroeck SV, van Uffelen JGZ. The effects of a real-life lifestyle program on physical activity and objective and subjective sleep in adults aged 55+ years. BMC Public Health. 2022;22(1):353. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-022-12780-2. PMID: 35183133; PMCID: PMC8857863.

• Vanderlinden J, Boen F, van Uffelen JGZ. Effects of physical activity programs on sleep outcomes in older adults: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act. 2020;17(1):11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-0913-3. PMID: 32024532; PMCID: PMC7003368. A summary of 14 studies regarding exercise effect on sleep in elderly population.

Yue T, Liu X, Gao Q, Wang Y. Different intensities of evening exercise on sleep in healthy adults: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Nat Sci Sleep. 2022;14(14):2157–77. https://doi.org/10.2147/NSS.S388863. PMID: 36540196; PMCID: PMC9760070.

Rubio-Arias JÁ, Marín-Cascales E, Ramos-Campo DJ, Hernandez AV, Pérez-López FR. Effect of exercise on sleep quality and insomnia in middle-aged women: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Maturitas. 2017;100:49–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2017.04.003. Epub 2017 Apr 5 PMID: 28539176.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Li L. Effects of aerobic exercise on sleep quality and mental health of college students. Occup Ther Int. 2022;10(2022):8366857. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8366857. PMID: 36300132; PMCID: PMC9576443.

Santos L. The impact of nutrition and lifestyle modifications on health. Eur J Intern Med. 2021;97:18–25.

Article  PubMed