Al-Hasan MN, Baddour LM. Resilience of the Pitt Bacteremia Score: 3 decades and counting. Clin Infect Dis. 2020;70:1834–6.
2.McGregor JC, Rich SE, Harris AD, et al. A systematic review of the methods used to assess the association between appropriate antibiotic therapy and mortality in bacteremic patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2007;45:329–37.
3.Thom KA, Schweizer ML, Osih RB, et al. Impact of empiric antimicrobial therapy on outcomes in patients with Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia: a cohort study. BMC Infect Dis. 2008;8:1–9.
4.Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE. APACHE II, a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985;13:818–29.
5.Knaus WA, Wagner DP, Draper EA, et al. The APACHE III prognostic system: Risk prediction of hospital mortality for critically III hospitalized adults. Chest. 1991;100:1619–36.
6.Korvick JA, Marsh JW, Starzl TE, Yu VL. Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in patients undergoing liver transplantation: an emerging problem. Surgery. 1991;109:62.
7.Chow JW, Fine MJ, Shlaes DM, et al. Enterobacter bacteremia: clinical features and emergence of antibiotic resistance during therapy. Ann Intern Med. 1991;115:585–90.
8.Korvick JA, Bryan CS, Farber B, et al. Prospective observational study of Klebsiella bacteremia in 230 patients: outcome for antibiotic combinations versus monotherapy. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1992;36:2639–44.
9.Nguyen MH, Peacock JE, Tanner DC, et al. Therapeutic approaches in patients with candidemia: evaluation in a multicenter, prospective, observational study. Arch Intern Med. 1995;155:2429–35.
10.Chow JW, Victor LY. Combination antibiotic therapy versus monotherapy for Gram- negative bacteraemia: a commentary. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 1999;11:7–12.
11.Hilf M, Victor LY, Sharp J, Zuravleff JJ, Korvick JA, Muder RR. Antibiotic therapy forPseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia: outcome correlations in a prospective study of 200 patients. Am J Med. 1989;87:540–6.
12.Hill PC, Birch M, Chambers S, et al. Prospective study of 424 cases of Staphylococcus aureus bacteraemia: determination of factors affecting incidence and mortality. Intern Med J. 2001;31:97–103.
13.Al-Hasan MN, Lahr BD, Eckel-Passow JE, Baddour LM. Predictive scoring model of mortality in Gram-negative bloodstream infection. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2013;19:948–54.
14.Henderson H, Luterbach CL, Cober E, et al. The Pitt bacteremia score predicts mortality in nonbacteremic infections. Clin Infect Dis. 2019;70:1826–33.
15.Yzerman EF, Boelens HA, Tjhie JH, Kluytmans JA, Mouton JW, Verbrugh HA. APACHE for predicting course and outcome of nosocomial Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia and its relation to host defense. J Infect Dis. 1996;173:914–9.
16.Mylotte JM, Aeschlimann JR, Rotella DL. Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia: factors predicting hospital mortality. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 1996;17:165–8.
17.Eng J. ROC analysis: Web-based calculator for ROC curves. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University. Available from: http://www.jrocfit.org. Accessed 10/1/2020.
18.Al-Hasan MN, Juhn YJ, Bang DW, Yang HJ, Baddour LM. External validation of bloodstream infection mortality risk score in a population-based cohort. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2014;20:886–91.
19.Cain SE, Kohn J, Bookstaver PB, Albrecht H, Al-Hasan MN. Stratification of the impact of inappropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy for Gram-negative bloodstream infections by predicted prognosis. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2015;59:245–50.
20.Battle SE, Bookstaver PB, Justo JA, Kohn J, Albrecht H, Al-Hasan MN. Association between inappropriate empirical antimicrobial therapy and hospital length of stay in Gram-negative bloodstream infections: Stratification by prognosis. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2017;72:299–304.
21.Justo JA, Bookstaver PB, Kohn J, Albrecht H, Al-Hasan MN. Combination therapy vs. monotherapy for gram-negative bloodstream infection: matching by predicted prognosis. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2018;51:488–92.
22.Knaus WA, Zimmerman JE, Wagner DP, Draper EA, Lawrence DE. APACHE-acute physiology and chronic health evaluation: a physiologically based classification system. Crit care Med. 1981;9:591–7.
23.Wagner DP, Knaus WA, Draper EA. Statistical validation of a severity of illness measure. Am J Pub Health. 1983;73:878–84.
24.Zimmerman JE, Kramer AA, McNair DS, Malila FM. Acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE) IV: hospital mortality assessment for today’s critically ill patients. Crit Care Med. 2006;34:1297–310.
25.Sunenshine RH, Wright MO, Maragakis LL, et al. Multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infection mortality rate and length of hospitalization. Emerg Infect Dis. 2007;13:97–103.
26.Fortis S, O’Shea AM, Beck BF, et al. An automated computerized critical illness severity scoring system derived from APACHE III: modified APACHE. J Crit Care. 2018;48:237–42.
27.Marsh K, Dubrovskaya Y, Jen SP, et al. Intravenous push versus intravenous piggyback beta-lactams for the empiric management of gram-negative bacteremia. J Clin Pharm Ther. 2021;46:373–81.
28.Schwaber MJ, Carmeli Y. Antimicrobial resistance and patient outcomes: the hazards of adjustment. Crit Care. 2006;10:1–2.
29.Rothman KJ, Greenland S. Causation and causal inference in epidemiology. Am J Public Health. 2005;95(Suppl 1):S144–50.
30.Marra AR, Bearman GM, Wenzel RP, Edmond MB. Comparison of severity of illness scoring systems for patients with nosocomial bloodstream infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa. BMC Infect Dis. 2006;6:1–6.
31.Osih RB, McGregor JC, Rich SE, et al. Impact of empiric antibiotic therapy on outcomes in patients with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007;51:839–44.
32.Hamilton KW, Bilker WB, Lautenbach E. Controlling for severity of illness in assessment of the association between antimicrobial-resistant infection and mortality: impact of calculation of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II scores at different time points. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2007;28:832–6.
33.Thom KA, Shardell MD, Osih RB, et al. Controlling for severity of illness in outcome studies involving infectious diseases: impact of measurement at different time points. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2008;29:1048–53.
34.Stevens V, Lodise TP, Tsuji B, et al. The utility of Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II scores for prediction of mortality among intensive care unit (ICU) and non-ICU patients with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2012;33:558–64.
Comments (0)