Fig. 1. Flow diagram of the study enrollment. The analysis included 95 adenomas and serrated polyps measuring 6 to 9 mm. Fourteen, 34, and 47 polyps were resected using CSP, CEMR, and NIRBS, respectively. CSP, cold snare polypectomy; CEMR, conventional endoscopic mucosal resection; NIRBS, noninjecting resection using bipolar soft coagulation mode.

Fig. 2. Measurement method for the resection depth of the submucosal layer. The resection depth from the muscularis mucosa to the vertical resection margin of the submucosal tissue was measured at the center of each specimen. The double-headed arrow indicates the submucosal layer resection depth.

Fig. 3. Histopathological findings. Representative images of polyps resected using cold snare polypectomy (A), conventional endoscopic mucosal resection (B), and noninjecting resection using the bipolar soft coagulation mode (C) (hematoxylin and eosin stain, ×4).

Fig. 4. Comparison of the resection depths using CSP, CEMR, and NIRBS. The median thicknesses of the submucosal tissue were 1,167 and 1,125 µm in CEMR and NIRBS, respectively, which were significantly greater than 0 µm in CSP. CSP, cold snare polypectomy; CEMR, conventional endoscopic mucosal resection; NIRBS, noninjecting resection using bipolar soft coagulation mode. *p

Fig. 5. Histopathological findings of an early cancer resected by noninjecting resection using bipolar soft coagulation mode (he­matoxylin and eosin stain, ×40).

Graphical abstract