Louis DN, Perry A, Wesseling P et al (2021) The 2021 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system: a summary. Neuro Oncol 23:1231–1251

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bin-Alamer O, Jimenez AE, Azad TD et al (2022) H3K27M-altered diffuse midline gliomas among adult patients: A systematic review of clinical features and survival analysis. World Neurosurg 165:e251–e264

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aboian MS, Solomon DA, Felton E et al (2017) Imaging characteristics of pediatric diffuse midline gliomas with histone H3 K27M mutation. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 38:795–800

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhao J-P, Liu X-J, Lin H-Z et al (2022) MRI comparative study of diffuse midline glioma, H3 K27-altered and glioma in the midline without H3 K27-altered. BMC Neurol 22:498

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bender S, Tang Y, Lindroth AM et al (2013) Reduced H3K27me3 and DNA hypomethylation are major drivers of gene expression in K27M mutant pediatric high-grade gliomas. Cancer Cell 24:660–672

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lewis PW, Müller MM, Koletsky MS et al (2013) Inhibition of PRC2 activity by a gain-of-function H3 mutation found in pediatric glioblastoma. Science 340:857–861

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kfoury-Beaumont N, Prakasam R, Pondugula S et al (2022) The H3K27M mutation alters stem cell growth, epigenetic regulation, and differentiation potential. BMC Biol 20:124

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Nonnenbroich LF, Bouchal SM, Millesi E et al (2024) H3K27-altered diffuse midline glioma of the brainstem: From molecular mechanisms to targeted interventions. Cells 13:1122

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Bechet D, Gielen GGH, Korshunov A et al (2014) Specific detection of methionine 27 mutation in histone 3 variants (H3K27M) in fixed tissue from high-grade astrocytomas. Acta Neuropathol 128:733–741

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Takahashi M, Tomita Y, Yamada SM et al (2021) Cerebellar high-grade glioma with H3 K27M mutation: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons 1:CASE20112

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Narita Y, Miyakita Y, Ohno M et al (2017) Brain tumor registry of japan (2005–2008). Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 57:9–102

Article  Google Scholar 

Ryba A, Özdemir Z, Nissimov N et al (2024) Insights from a multicenter study on adult H3 K27M-mutated glioma: surgical resection’s limited influence on overall survival, ATRX as molecular prognosticator. Neuro Oncol 26:1479–1493

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hargrave D, Chuang N, Bouffet E (2008) Conventional MRI cannot predict survival in childhood diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma. J Neurooncol 86:313–319

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Qiu T, Chanchotisatien A, Qin Z et al (2020) Imaging characteristics of adult H3 K27M-mutant gliomas. J Neurosurg 133:1662–1670

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Poletti N, Marques LL, Deigendesch N et al (2024) Fulminant hemorrhagic course of a thalamic H3 K27-altered diffuse midline glioma in an adult patient: illustrative case. J Neurosurg Case Lessons. https://doi.org/10.3171/CASE23598

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Zhong S, Zuo J, Fu X et al (2025) Leptomeningeal dissemination in H3 K27M- mutant diffuse midline gliomas: clinical characteristics, risk factors, and prognostic insights. J Neurooncol 172:437–445

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Buczkowicz P, Bartels U, Bouffet E et al (2014) Histopathological spectrum of paediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma: diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Acta Neuropathol 128:573–581

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Cantor E, Wierzbicki K, Tarapore RS et al (2022) Serial H3K27M cell-free tumor DNA (cf-tDNA) tracking predicts ONC201 treatment response and progression in diffuse midline glioma. Neuro Oncol 24:1366–1374

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Patel J, Aittaleb R, Doherty R et al (2024) Liquid biopsy in H3K27M diffuse midline glioma. Neuro Oncol 26:S101–S109

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Panditharatna E, Kilburn LB, Aboian MS et al (2018) Clinically relevant and minimally invasive tumor surveillance of pediatric diffuse midline gliomas using patient-derived liquid biopsy. Clin Cancer Res 24:5850–5859

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Rakotomalala A, Bailleul Q, Savary C et al (2021) H3.3K27M mutation controls cell growth and resistance to therapies in pediatric glioma cell lines. Cancers (Basel) 13:5551

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Piccardo A, Tortora D, Mascelli S et al (2019) Advanced MR imaging and 18F-DOPA PET characteristics of H3K27M-mutant and wild-type pediatric diffuse midline gliomas. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 46:1685–1694

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Vettermann FJ, Unterrainer M, Ruf V et al (2020) Dual PET imaging of an H3K27M-mutant glioma with 18F-GE-180 and 18F-FET PET. Clin Nucl Med 45:992–993

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Lovibond S, Gewirtz AN, Pasquini L et al (2023) The promise of metabolic imaging in diffuse midline glioma. Neoplasia 39:100896

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Urano Y, Sakabe M, Kosaka N et al (2011) Rapid cancer detection by topically spraying a γ- glutamyltranspeptidase-activated fluorescent probe. Sci Transl Med. https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3002823

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Kitagawa Y, Tanaka S, Kamiya M et al (2021) A novel topical fluorescent probe for detection of glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res 27:3936–3947

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Aihara K, Mukasa A, Gotoh K et al (2014) H3F3A K27M mutations in thalamic gliomas from young adult patients. Neuro Oncol 16:140–146

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Meyronet D, Esteban-Mader M, Bonnet C et al (2017) Characteristics of H3 K27M-mutant gliomas in adults. Neuro Oncol 19:1127–1134

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

López G, Oberheim Bush NA, Berger MS et al (2017) Diffuse non-midline glioma with H3F3A K27M mutation: a prognostic and treatment dilemma. Acta Neuropathol Commun. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40478-017-0440-x

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Ebrahimi A, Skardelly M, Schuhmann MU et al (2019) High frequency of H3 K27M mutations in adult midline gliomas. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 145:839–850

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Enomoto T, Aoki M, Hamasaki M et al (2020) Midline glioma in adults: clinicopathological, genetic, and epigenetic analysis. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 60:136–146

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Dono A, Takayasu T, Ballester LY, Esquenazi Y (2020) Adult diffuse midline gliomas: clinical, radiological, and genetic characteristics. J Clin Neurosci 82:1–8

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Osada Y, Saito R, Shibahara I et al (2021) H3K27M and TERT promoter mutations are poor prognostic factors in surgical cases of adult thalamic high-grade glioma. Neurooncol Adv 3:vdab038

PubMed  PubMed Central