This paper presents a high-performance electrochemical sensor for the sensitive and selective detection of epinephrine (EP), fabricated by integrating zirconium phosphate (ZrP), Cu-β-cyclodextrin (Cu-β-CD), and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE). The morphology and structural properties of the composite were systematically characterized. The ZrP/Cu-β-CD/MWCNTs modified GCE exhibited exceptional electrochemical performance, attributed to the synergistic effect of its components. The ZrP/Cu-β-CD/MWCNTs-based sensor showed a wide linear detection range for EP, spanning 3 – 80 μM and 80 – 239 μM, with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.39 μM. Amperometric i-t measurements revealed excellent selectivity, enabling accurate EP determination even in the presence of common interfering substances. Moreover, the sensor showed good reproducibility and long-term stability over 25 days. In practical applications, the sensor was successfully applied to the detection of EP in human serum samples, achieving recovery rates ranging from 90.245% to 102.280%. These results highlight the ZrP/Cu-β-CD/MWCNTs-based electrochemical sensor as a promising tool for potential clinical diagnosis and point-of-care testing of EP-related diseases.

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