The exposome represents all chemical exposures individuals encounter throughout their lifetime. Exposure to harmful chemicals during early life can lead to adverse later-life health outcomes, with prenatal exposure being of particular relevance. Maternal urine samples represent a valuable resource for monitoring the exposome during pregnancy including exposures to environmental, and lifestyle-related toxicants. We examined 446 urine samples from pregnant women living in rural Habiganj district in Bangladesh who participated in the Maternal Exposure to Mycotoxins and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes (MEMAPO) cohort study. Using targeted multi-class next-generation human biomonitoring (HBM) LC-MS/MS assays, we analyzed more than 100 relevant xenobiotics. In total, 62 target compounds were detected in urine samples, showing varying individual exposure patterns. Antibiotics were detected in one third of samples, mycoestrogens in nearly half, and two thirds of samples contained biomarkers of exposure to polyaromatic hydrocarbons. Personal care product-related compounds, phytoestrogens, and biomarkers of exposure to nicotine, pesticides, plasticizers, and industrial chemicals were ubiquitously detected. Correlations between analytes revealed associations among chemically or functionally related compounds. This is the first large-scale application of a recently expanded next-generation HBM workflow and, to the best of our knowledge, the most comprehensive HBM dataset for pregnant women in Bangladesh and South Asia. The presented dataset includes normalized urinary concentrations based on creatinine ratios and specific density. Together with previously published data on mycotoxin exposure in this cohort, the presented dataset may serve as a basis for future investigations of how the detected chemical exposure mix affects pregnancy outcomes.

The authors have declared no competing interest.

The FAARM trial and the MEMAPO study were mainly funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF) (grant number: 01ER1201). Sabine Gabrysch received funding through a Recruiting Grant from Stiftung Charite, which supported part of the laboratory analysis. The exposome analysis presented in this work was enabled by the Exposome Austria Research Infrastructure, the National Node of the ESFRI-EIRENE RI; the Austrian Federal Ministry of Education, Science and Research (project DigiOmics4AT); and the Austrian Federal Ministry for Climate Protection, Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology (BMK). This research was funded in part also by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) [M 3217-N], via a Lise Meitner postdoctoral fellowship.

I confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.

Yes

The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

The ethics committee of the University of Vienna gave approval to this work (no. 00157). The ethics committees at Heidelberg University Medical Faculty in Germany as part of FAARM amendments and the Institute of Health Economics at the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh (Reference: FWA00026031) approved the MEMAPO study.

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Yes

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I have followed all appropriate research reporting guidelines, such as any relevant EQUATOR Network research reporting checklist(s) and other pertinent material, if applicable.

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All data produced in the present study are available upon reasonable request to the authors