Background Acute poisoning is a major public health concern and a significant cause of hospital mortality worldwide. Poisoning-related mortality is influenced by demographic and socioeconomic factors, with suicide being the predominant cause in many regions. This study examines poisoning-related deaths in relation to demographic and other relevant factors over a five-year period in Isfahan, Iran.

Material and Methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted on acute poisoning-related deaths recorded at the Clinical Toxicology Department, the referral poisoning center at Khorshid Hospital, Isfahan, Iran, from March 20, 2019, to March 20, 2023. Data were collected on demographic characteristics, cause of poisoning, type of substance, route of exposure, duration of hospitalization, history of suicide attempts, and addiction. Statistical analyses were performed to assess associations between demographic variables and poisoning outcomes.

Results Among the 306 poisoning-related deaths, 81.4% were males with a median age of 42 years. Suicide accounted for 63.07% of cases, followed by accidental poisoning (18.95%) and substance abuse (17.97%). The most common substances involved were methadone (20.56%), aluminum phosphide (18.63%), and paraquat (17.32%). Ingestion was the primary route of exposure (94.44%). Significant associations were found between gender and route of exposure (P=0.043) as well as substance abuse history (P=0.024).

Conclusion Suicide was the leading cause of poisoning-related death. Mortality is observed more in patients with methadone, aluminum phosphide, and paraquat poisoning. Preventive measures, including stricter regulation of pesticide sales, monitoring of addiction treatment programs, and enhanced mental health support, are essential to reduce mortality and morbidity from acute poisoning.

The authors have declared no competing interest.

No funding was received for this study or its publication.

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The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:

This study was approved by the ethics committee of the Review Board of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (IR.MUI.MED.REC.1403.284).

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