Out-of-school adolescents (OSY) in urban slums face layered vulnerabilities and are often excluded from mainstream reproductive health services. The Youth-Powered Ecosystem to Advance Urban Adolescent Health (YPE4AH) project in Nigeria implemented a multi-sectoral, safe-space-centered model to improve access to family planning (FP) for this group. The project, implemented across Lagos and Kano States from 2021 to 2024, utilized a hub-and-spoke model, combining youth-designed safe spaces (Youth Hubs) with a network of adolescent-friendly health providers. All participants received a foundational life-skills curriculum (SKILLZ), a financial literacy training (SKILLZ Club), and supplemental livelihood and leadership tracks, driven by peer-learning and mentoring. The design utilized a mixed-method approach comprising review of service statistics, longitudinal survey from program participants, and regression analysis to assess trends in uptake of FP services. Quantitative data were drawn from service statistics, longitudinal survey data, and regression analysis of FP uptake. Over 66,000 adolescents completed the SKILLZ curriculum, with a 90% transition into SKILLZ Club. Adolescent preference for non-traditional health spaces was validated, with hubs acting as entry points to broader health services. More than 75,000 adolescents accessed FP services through hub-based and referral pathways, contributing 16,303 couple years of protection (CYPs) and averting an estimated 7,324 unintended pregnancies and 39 maternal deaths. FP uptake increased steadily over time, with a diverse method mix and regional variation in preferences. Integration was achieved through collaboration with public systems, not by co-locating services in primary healthcare centers, but by embedding free FP commodities and referral systems within adolescent-friendly environments. For OSY (especially those in urban slums), safe spaces grounded in youth participation and community trust can serve as critical platforms for FP access. When designed as entry points (not endpoints), and supported by intentional integration with government supply systems, such models offer an alternative pathway to adolescent-responsive health delivery. The YPE4AH experience challenges traditional models of integration and provides a replicable blueprint for reaching marginalized adolescents at scale.
Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.
Funding StatementThe project from which this paper was culled was funded by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID), Agreement Number: 72062020CA00011. The opinions and inferences made in this work are those of the authors and not the funding agency.
Author DeclarationsI confirm all relevant ethical guidelines have been followed, and any necessary IRB and/or ethics committee approvals have been obtained.
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The details of the IRB/oversight body that provided approval or exemption for the research described are given below:
National Health Research Ethics Committee of Nigeria (NHREC/01/01/2007-05/09/2022).
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Footnotes(BOD is the primary author of this article, with oversight provided by BAK, other written contributions from MOA, CA, BO, and GO, BD, BAK and MOA contributed to the conceptualization and design of the article. BOD, MOA, and CA developed major sections of the manuscript. All authors read, revised, and approved the submitted version)
Data AvailabilityAll data relating to the findings reported within the study are publicly available having been reported as part of an health intervention programming. Where required, the authors are willing to provide raw data to back the claims made in the manuscript.
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