Angélique, O. J., Cramer, L. J., Waldorp, H. L. J., & van der Maas, & Denny, B. (2010). Comorbidity: A network perspective. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 33(2–3), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X09991567

Billieux, J., Maurage, P., Lopez-Fernandez, O., Kuss, D. J., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Can disordered mobile phone use be considered a behavioral addiction? An update on current evidence and a comprehensive model for future research. Current Addiction Reports, 2(2), 156–162. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40429-015-0054-y

Article  Google Scholar 

Borgatti, S. P., Mehra, A., Brass, D. J., & Labianca, G. (2009). Network analysis in the social sciences. Science, 323(5916), 892–895. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1165821

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Borsboom, D. (2017). A network theory of mental disorders. World Psychiatry, 16(1), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1002/wps.20375

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Borsboom, D., & Cramer, O. A. (2013). Network analysis: An integrative approach to the structure of psychopathology. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 9(1), 91–121. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-050212-185608

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Brand, M., Wegmann, E., Stark, R., Müller, A., Wölfling, K., Robbins, T. W., & Potenza, M. N. (2019). The interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 104, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032

Article  Google Scholar 

Broadbent, D. E., Cooper, P. F., FitzGerald, P., & Parkes, K. R. (1982). The Cognitive Failures Questionnaire (CFQ) and its correlates. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 21(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2044-8260.1982.tb01421.x

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Carrigan, N., Barkus, E., Ong, A., & Wei, M. (2017). Do complaints of everyday cognitive failures in high schizotypy relate to emotional working memory deficits in the lab? Comprehensive Psychiatry, 78, 115–129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.06.016

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Casey, B. J., Getz, S., & Galvan, A. (2008). The adolescent brain. Developmental Review, 28(1), 62–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2007.08.003

Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen, C., Chang, H., Lane, H., Liao, Y., & Ko, H. (2025). The executive function, behavioral systems, and heart rate variability in college students at risk of Mobile gaming addiction. Acta Psychologica, 254, Article 104809. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2025.104809

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Chen, L. (2023). Smartphone dependency and mental health among Chinese rural adolescents: The mediating role of cognitive failure and parent–child relationship. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1194939. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1194939

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Chen, Y., Li, R., & Liu, X. (2023). Problematic smartphone usage among Chinese adolescents: Role of social/non-social loneliness, use motivations, and grade difference. Current Psychology, 42(14), 11529–11538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02458-0

Article  Google Scholar 

Chóliz, M. (2012). Mobile-phone addiction in adolescence: The test of mobile phone dependence (TMD). Progress in Health Sciences, 2(1), 33–44.

Google Scholar 

Diamond, A. (2013). Executive functions. Annual Review of Psychology, 64, 135–168. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-psych-113011-143750

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Ding, L., Ren, X., Sun, Y., Yu, C., Li, G., & Wang, C. (2024). Network analysis of association between problematic social network use and alexithymia in freshmen. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 17, 3503–3514. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S472799

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Edwards, E. J., McLeod, G., Vaughan, R. S., & Khan, A. (2023). Anxiety related distractibility deficits: Too much smartphone use is not such a smart call. Behaviour & Information Technology, 43(13), 3253–3260. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144929X.2023.2274891

Article  Google Scholar 

Ferguson, H. J., Brunsdon, V. E. A., & Bradford, E. E. F. (2021). The developmental trajectories of executive function from adolescence to old age. Scientific Reports, 11(1), 1382–1382. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-80866-1

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Fried, E. I., & Nesse, R. M. (2015). Depression sum-scores don’t add up: Why analyzing specific depression symptoms is essential. BMC Medicine, 13(1), 72. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12916-015-0325-4

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Frost, P., Donahue, P., Goeben, K., Connor, M., Cheong, H. S., & Schroeder, A. (2019). An examination of the potential lingering effects of smartphone use on cognition. Applied Cognitive Psychology, 33(6), 1055–1067. https://doi.org/10.1002/acp.3546

Article  Google Scholar 

Gao, K., Wong, A. B., Li, S., Zhang, Y., & Zhang, D. (2024). The ventromedial prefrontal cortex plays an important role in implicit emotion regulation: A focality-optimized multichannel tDCS study in anxiety individuals. Human Brain Mapping, 45(13), Article e26812. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.26812

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hadar, A., Hadas, I., Lazarovits, A., Alyagon, U., Eliraz, D., & Zangen, A. (2017). Answering the missed call: Initial exploration of cognitive and electrophysiological changes associated with smartphone use and abuse. PLoS ONE, 12(7), Article e0180094. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180094

Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Hadlington, L. J. (2015). Cognitive failures in daily life: Exploring the link with Internet addiction and problematic mobile phone use. Computers in Human Behavior, 51, 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.04.036

Article  Google Scholar 

Hartanto, A., Lee, K. Y. X., Chua, Y. J., Quek, F. Y. X., & Majeed, N. M. (2022). Smartphone use and daily cognitive failures: A critical examination using a daily diary approach with objective smartphone measures. British Journal of Psychology, 114(1), 70–85. https://doi.org/10.1111/BJOP.12597

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Hartmann, M., Martarelli, C. S., Reber, T. P., & Rothen, N. (2020). Does a smartphone on the desk drain our brain? No evidence of cognitive costs due to smartphone presence in a short-term and prospective memory task. Consciousness and Cognition, 86, Article 103033. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2020.103033

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Head, J., & Helton, W. S. (2014). Sustained attention failures are primarily due to sustained cognitive load not task monotony. Acta Psychology, 153, 87–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.09.007

Article  Google Scholar 

Hong, W., Liu, R. D., Ding, Y., Sheng, X., & Zhen, R. (2020). Mobile phone addiction and cognitive failures in daily life: The mediating roles of sleep duration and quality and the moderating role of trait self-regulation. Addictive Behaviors, 107, Article 106383. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106383

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Huang, Y., Wu, J., Qiu, J., Long, Q., Huang, B., Huang, G. (2023). Research progress on mobile phone addiction among high school students. Sichuan Mental Health, 36(3), 277–282. https://doi.org/10.11886/scjsws20230217003 [In Chinese]

Jeong, J. Y., Hyeonyee, K., & Ian, H. (2013). Understanding adolescents’ problematic Internet use from a social/cognitive and addiction research framework. Computers in Human Behavior, 29(6), 2682–2689. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.06.045

Article  Google Scholar 

Jiang, Z., Liu, J., Zhao, Y., Lv, C., & Zhu, L. (2022). Problematic mobile phone use and cognitive failures: The mediating role of emotional distress and the moderating role of coping style. Current Psychology, 42(27), 24025–24034. https://doi.org/10.1007/S12144-022-03392-5

Article  Google Scholar 

Jones, P. J., Ma, R., & McNally, R. J. (2019). Bridge centrality: A network approach to understanding comorbidity. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 56(2), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/00273171.2019.1614898

Article  Google Scholar 

Li, J., Lu, A., Ye, L., Chen, G., Ling, H., Chen, W., ... & Ke, X. (2025). Mobile phone addiction, self‐control, mind wandering, and cognitive failure in chinese adolescents: A network analysis and a chain mediation model. Psychology in the Schools, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.23426

Lian, Y., Zhang, D., Liu, S., & Wu, X. (2024). A network analysis of sub-clinical eating disorders in college students. Chinese Journal of Clinical Psychology, 32(1), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.16128/j.cnki.1005-3611.2024.01.007 [In Chinese]

Liang, S., Liu, C., Rotaru, K., Li, K., Wei, X., Yuan, S., Yang, Q., Ren, L., & Liu, X. (2022). The relations between emotion regulation, depression and anxiety among medical staff during the late stage of COVID-19 pandemic: A network analysis. Psychiatry Research, 317, Article 114863. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114863

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Liu, S., Xu, B., Zhang, D., Tian, Y., & Wu, X. (2022). Core symptoms and symptom relationships of problematic internet use across early, middle, and late adolescence: A network analysis. Computers in Human Behavior, 128, Article 107090. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.CHB.2021.107090

Article