Behniafar H, Sepidarkish M, Tadi MJ, Valizadeh S, Gholamrezaei M, Hamidi F, et al. The global prevalence of trichuris Trichiura infection in humans (2010–2023): A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health. 2024;17(5):800–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2024.03.005.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Montresor A, Mupfasoni D, Mikhailov A, Mwinzi P, Lucianez A, Jamsheed M, et al. The global progress of soil-transmitted helminthiases control in 2020 and world health organization targets for 2030. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(8):e0008505. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008505.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

World Health Organization. Guideline: preventive chemotherapy to control soil-transmitted helminth infections in at-risk population groups. https://www.who.int/nutrition/publications/guidelines/deworming/en/ (2017). Accessed.

Moser W, Schindler C, Keiser J. Efficacy of recommended drugs against soil transmitted helminths: systematic review and network meta-analysis. BMJ. 2017;358:j4307. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.j4307.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Crump A, Omura S, Ivermectin. Wonder drug’ from Japan: the human use perspective. Proc Jpn Acad Ser B Phys Biol Sci. 2011;87(2):13–28. https://doi.org/10.2183/pjab.87.13.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Palmeirim MS, Hurlimann E, Knopp S, Speich B, Belizario V Jr., Joseph SA, et al. Efficacy and safety of co-administered Ivermectin plus albendazole for treating soil-transmitted helminths: A systematic review, meta-analysis and individual patient data analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2018;12(4):e0006458. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006458.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Knopp S, Mohammed KA, Speich B, Hattendorf J, Khamis IS, Khamis AN, et al. Albendazole and Mebendazole administered alone or in combination with Ivermectin against trichuris Trichiura: a randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2010;51(12):1420–8. https://doi.org/10.1086/657310.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Echazu A, Juarez M, Vargas PA, Cajal SP, Cimino RO, Heredia V, et al. Albendazole and Ivermectin for the control of soil-transmitted helminths in an area with high prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis and hookworm in Northwestern Argentina: A community-based pragmatic study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2017;11(10):e0006003. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0006003.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Djune-Yemeli L, Nana-Djeunga HC, Lenou-Nanga CG, Donfo-Azafack C, Domche A, Fossuo-Thotchum F, et al. Serious limitations of the current strategy to control Soil-Transmitted helminths and added value of Ivermectin/Albendazole mass administration: A population-based observational study in Cameroon. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(11):e0008794. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008794.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Matamoros G, Sanchez A, Gabrie JA, Juarez M, Ceballos L, Escalada A, et al. Efficacy and safety of albendazole and high-dose Ivermectin co-administration in school-aged children infected with trichuris Trichiura in Honduras: A randomized controlled trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab365.

Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Speich B, Ali SM, Ame SM, Bogoch II, Alles R, Huwyler J, et al. Efficacy and safety of albendazole plus Ivermectin, albendazole plus Mebendazole, albendazole plus oxantel Pamoate, and Mebendazole alone against trichuris Trichiura and concomitant soil-transmitted helminth infections: a four-arm, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2015;15(3):277–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(14)71050-3.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Wimmersberger D, Coulibaly JT, Schulz JD, Puchkow M, Huwyler J, N’Gbesso Y, et al. Efficacy and safety of Ivermectin against trichuris Trichiura in Preschool-aged and School-aged children: A randomized controlled Dose-finding trial. Clin Infect Dis. 2018;67(8):1247–55. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciy246.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Hurlimann E, Keller L, Patel C, Welsche S, Hattendorf J, Ali SM, et al. Efficacy and safety of co-administered Ivermectin and albendazole in school-aged children and adults infected with trichuris Trichiura in Cote D’Ivoire, Laos, and Pemba Island, Tanzania: a double-blind, parallel-group, phase 3, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis. 2022;22(1):123–35. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(21)00421-7.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Moser W, Keiser J, Speich B, Sayasone S, Knopp S, Hattendorf J. One mean to rule them all? The arithmetic mean based egg reduction rate can be misleading when estimating anthelminthic drug efficacy in clinical trials. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2020;14(4):e0008185. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008185.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Bramer WM, de Jonge GB, Rethlefsen ML, Mast F, Kleijnen J. A systematic approach to searching: an efficient and complete method to develop literature searches. J Med Libr Assoc. 2018;106(4):531–41. https://doi.org/10.5195/jmla.2018.283.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Page MJ, McKenzie JE, Bossuyt PM, Boutron I, Hoffmann TC, Mulrow CD, et al. The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. BMJ. 2021;372:n71. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Keller L, Welsche S, Patel C, Sayasone S, Ali SM, Ame SM, et al. Long-term outcomes of ivermectin-albendazole versus albendazole alone against soil-transmitted helminths: results from randomized controlled trials in Lao PDR and Pemba Island, Tanzania. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2021;15(6):e0009561. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009561.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Speich B, Moser W, Ali SM, Ame SM, Albonico M, Hattendorf J, et al. Efficacy and reinfection with soil-transmitted helminths 18-weeks post-treatment with albendazole-ivermectin, albendazole-mebendazole, albendazole-oxantel pamoate and Mebendazole. Parasit Vectors. 2016;9:123. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13071-016-1406-8.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Belizario VY, Amarillo ME, de Leon WU, de los Reyes AE, Bugayong MG, Macatangay BJ. A comparison of the efficacy of single doses of Albendazole, Ivermectin, and diethylcarbamazine alone or in combinations against Ascaris and trichuris spp. Bull World Health Organ. 2003;81(1):35–42.

PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Beach MJ, Streit TG, Addiss DG, Prospere R, Roberts JM, Lammie PJ. Assessment of combined Ivermectin and albendazole for treatment of intestinal helminth and Wuchereria bancrofti infections in Haitian schoolchildren. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1999;60(3):479–86. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1999.60.479.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Marti H, Haji HJ, Savioli L, Chwaya HM, Mgeni AF, Ameir JS, et al. A comparative trial of a single-dose Ivermectin versus three days of albendazole for treatment of Strongyloides stercoralis and other soil-transmitted helminth infections in children. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1996;55(5):477–81. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.1996.55.477.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Ismail MM, Jayakody RL. Efficacy of albendazole and its combinations with Ivermectin or diethylcarbamazine (DEC) in the treatment of trichuris Trichiura infections in Sri Lanka. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1999;93(5):501–4. https://doi.org/10.1080/00034989958230.

Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Freeman MC, Akogun O, Belizario V Jr., Brooker SJ, Gyorkos TW, Imtiaz R, et al. Challenges and opportunities for control and elimination of soil-transmitted helminth infection beyond 2020. PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 2019;13(4):e0007201. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0007201.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Turner HC, Truscott JE, Bettis AA, Hollingsworth TD, Brooker SJ, Anderson RM. Analysis of the population-level impact of co-administering Ivermectin with albendazole or Mebendazole for the control and elimination of trichuris Trichiura. Parasite Epidemiol Control. 2016;1(2):177–87. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.parepi.2016.02.004.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

Venkatesan A, Chen R, Bar M, Schneeberger PHH, Reimer B, Hurlimann E, et al. Trichuriasis in human patients from Cote D’Ivoire caused by novel trichuris incognita species with low sensitivity to Albendazole/Ivermectin combination treatment. Emerg Infect Dis. 2025;31(1):104–14. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid3101.240995.

Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  CAS  Google Scholar 

Anderson R, Truscott J, Hollingsworth TD. The coverage and frequency of mass drug administration required to eliminate persistent transmission of soil-transmitted helminths. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci. 2014;369(1645):20130435. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0435.

Article  PubMed