Ships play an important role in both military and civilian use, and are important targets for maritime surveillance and wartime strikes [1,2]. For civilian use, governments of various countries need to control various types of ships in specific ports and sea areas, and at the same time conduct shipping safety inspections, ocean-going early warning, marine rescue, and combat illegal fishing, smuggling and piracy [3,4]. In the military, as an important equipment in naval warfare, ships are the key targets of attack in maritime warfare. Various types of sea-skimming missiles with guidance characteristics are important weapons for attacking ships. Ship Identification can monitor the distribution of ships in key sea areas, analyze the enemy's maritime combat strength, form combat intelligence, improve battlefield situation reconnaissance perception, and complete missile precision guidance [[5], [6], [7]]. Satellite optical remote sensing has the unique advantages of large-scale, all-day, all-weather real-time imaging observation, and is one of the important application methods for long-distance non-contact remote sensing monitoring of marine targets [[8], [9], [10]]. As one of the important technologies of optical remote sensing, polarization detection can obtain the polarization characteristic parameters reflecting the intrinsic properties of the target. It can effectively detect dark targets, and can extract target edge information, which can significantly improve the contrast between the target to be detected and the background [11,12]. Therefore, the polarization detection technology is of great significance to the detection and identification of ship targets in the background of the sea and sky, and has gradually become a key research and research topic in the world [[13], [14], [15]]. Ni Xinyue et al. [16] proposed a background radiation suppression method based on the polarization characteristics of the sea surface to enhance the target contrast. Wang Huili et al. [17] proposed a fast and accurate detection method for ship detection under complex sea background in optical remote sensing images. The method improved the directional gradient histogram feature according to the inherent characteristics of the ship target, and used the edge directional gradient histogram feature to describe the ship target. Zhao Huijie et al. [18] designed an optical system with dual polarizers. The system obtains the optimal angle through the double polarizer angle calculation model, which effectively suppresses the influence of solar flare on the detection of ship targets by the mid-wave infrared polarization system. Jianan Lian et al. [19] proposed a sea surface clutter suppression method based on solar flash characteristics. The proposed method is built on an infrared polarization radiation model of the dynamic sea surface. The method can effectively improve the contrast between a target and its sea background.

It can be seen that the current ship detection research based on polarization technology is mostly carried out from the perspective of infrared polarization detection of marine targets under various climatic conditions. However, there are few studies on the correlation of the polarization characteristics of the details of the marine ship, the interference degree of the sea surface background and the overall polarization characteristics of the target. In order to further study the influence of polarization characteristics between the detailed parts of the marine ship and the whole ship, this paper selects four typical parts of the actual ship's deck, ship side, radome and chimney material plate, and selects a 14 cm long bush USS aircraft carrier and Tikon cruiser model ship scale model as the experimental object. Then, we use various types of polarization cameras to measure the multi-angle polarization radiation characteristics of the experimental target in the background of the water surface, and quantitatively analyze the polarization characteristics and correlations of the details of the ship target, the background of the sea surface, and the overall target.