Cancer is a deadly disease with rising morbidity and mortality [1]. The majority of tumor biomarkers or targets for therapy currently in clinical use are proteins, but only 2% of translated proteins are produced by the human genome. Despite tremendous progress over the last ten years, there are still a number of obstacles in the way of treating cancer that need to be overcome, such as delayed detection and an unwelcome prognosis.[2], [3]. The number of cancer deaths worldwide reached 9.55 million, with an incidence rate of 18.08 million. Despite significant progress in cancer treatment over the past few decades, the majority of cancer patients still have poor survival rates, particularly those who have advanced cancer and metastasized. Therefore, there is an urgent need to learn more about the molecular mechanisms governing tumor progression and to develop more effective clinical strategies for cancer treatment [4]. Targeted therapy for lung adenocarcinoma began with the discovery of driver mutations in EGFR and ALK, and modern sequencing technologies are offering ever more detailed insights into the molecular abnormalities in oncogenes and tumour suppressor genes that underlie lung cancer. Research on lung cancer has revealed a variety of genetic abnormalities that may be addressed, but it has also revealed the disease's disturbing complexity and heterogeneity, which present major obstacles to targeted therapy and molecular diagnostics [5].

As ncRNAs are discovered, it is later discovered that these mRNAs represent only a small portion of the entire RNA population. Rather than producing proteins, these non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) perform direct roles as structural, catalytic, or regulatory RNAs. These transcripts are currently lacking in a suitable classification system. ncRNAs can be categorized into groups based on their expression and function [6]. These groups include the "housekeeping" ncRNAs (ribosomal RNA, transfer RNA, small nuclear RNA), certain low-expression regulatory ncRNAs, and a number of other poorly known ncRNA types. LncRNAs are now recognized as crucial regulators in nearly all aspects of biology [7]. A growing body of research indicates that lncRNAs are crucial to the development of tumors. The structure and function of lncRNAs will be briefly reviewed in this review, with an emphasis on their aberrant expression and functional involvement in the development, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer.