Gatineau M, Hancock C, Holman N, etal. Adult obesity and type 2 diabetes. London: Public Health England, 2014: 5-14.
NHS Digital. Health Survey for England, 2021 part 1. London: National Statistics, https://digital.nhs.uk/data-and-information/publications/statistical/health-survey-for-england/2021
Public Health England. Diabetes prevalence model. London: Public Health England, 2016. https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk
Marmot The Health Gap: the challenge of an Unequal World. London: Bloomsbury, 2015.
Marmot M. The Marmot review: Fair society, healthy lives. The Strategic Review of Health Inequalities in England Post-2010. London: The Marmot Review, PublicHealth 2012;126 (Suppl 1): S4-S10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2012.05.014
Green H, Fernandez R, MacPhail The social determinants of health and health outcomes among adults during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review. Public Health Nursing 2021;38(6):942-52. https://doi.org/10.1111/phn.12959
Marmot M, Allen J, Goldblatt P, etal. Build Back Fairer - The COVID-19 Marmot Review. The Pandemic, Socioeconomic and Health Inequalities in England. London: Institute of Health Equity, 2020.
Khunti K, Feldman EL, Laiteerapong N, et al. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on ethnic minority groups with diabetes. Diabetes Care 2023;46(2):228-36.
Ricci‐Cabello I, Ruiz‐Perez I, De Labry‐Lima AO, et al. Do social inequalities exist in terms of the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, control and monitoring of diabetes? A systematic review. Health Soc Care Community 2010;18(6):572-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2524.2010.00960.x
Bleich SN, Jarlenski MP, Bell CN, et al. Health inequalities: trends, progress, and AnnuRevPublicHealth 2012;33:7-40. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031811-124658
Cleland CL, Tully MA, Kee F, et al. The effectiveness of physical activity interventions in socio-economically disadvantaged communities: a systematic Prev Med 2012;54(6):371-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2012.04.004
Lorenc T, Oliver Adverse effects of public health interventions: a conceptual framework. J Epidemiol Community Health 2014;68(3):288-90. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2013-203118
Alvaro C, Jackson L, Kirk S, et al. Moving Canadian governmental policies beyond a focus on individual lifestyle: some insights from complexity and critical Health Promotion International 2010;26(1):91-9. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapro/daq052
Whyte MB, Hinton W, McGovern A, et al. Disparities in glycaemic control, monitoring, and treatment of type 2 diabetes in England: a retrospective cohort PLoS Medicine 2019;16(10):e1002942. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1002942
Frohlich KL, Potvin L. Transcending the known in public health practice: the inequality paradox: the population approach and vulnerable populations. Am J Public Health 2008;98(2):216-21. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2007.114777
Castellana M, Conte E, Cignarelli A, etal. Efficacy and safety of very low calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in patients with overweight and obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Rev Endocr Metabolic Dis 2020;21(1):5-16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11154-019- 09514-y
Sellahewa L, Khan C, Lakkunarajah S, etal. A systematic review of evidence on the use of very low calorie diets in people with Curr Diabetes Reviews 2017;13(1):35-46. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573399812666151005123431
Caprio M, Infante M, Moriconi E, et al. Very-low-calorie ketogenic diet (VLCKD) in the management of metabolic diseases: systematic review and consensus statement from the Italian Society of Endocrinology (SIE). J Endocrinol Invest 2019;42(11):1365-86. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40618-019-01061-2
Rehackova L, Arnott B, Araujo-Soares V, et al. Efficacy and acceptability of very low energy diets in overweight and obese people with Type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta‐analyses. DiabeticMed 2016;33(5):580-91. https://doi.org/10.1111/dme.13005
Astbury NM, Piernas C, Hartmann-Boyce J, etal. A systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of meal replacements for weight loss. Obesity Rev 2019;20(4):569-87. https://doi.org/1111/obr.12816
Lean ME, Leslie WS, Barnes AC, etal. Durability of a primary care- led weight-management intervention for remission of type 2 diabetes: 2-year results of the DiRECT open-label, cluster- randomised trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2019;7(5):344-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2213-8587(19)30068-3
Astbury NM, Aveyard P, Nickless A, et al. Doctor Referral of Overweight People to Low Energy total diet replacement Treatment (DROPLET): pragmatic randomised controlled trial.BMJ 2018;362: k3760 https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.k3760
Ard JD, Lewis KH, Rothberg A, et al. Effectiveness of a total meal replacement program (OPTIFAST program) on weight loss: results from the OPTIWIN Obesity (Silver Spring) 2019;27(1):22-9. https://doi.org/10.1002/ony.22303
NHS The NHS Long Term Plan. NHS, 2019.
Bhat K, Easwarathasan R, Jacob M, et al. Identifying and under- standing the factors that influence the functioning of integrated healthcare systems in the NHS: a systematic literature BMJ Open 2022;12(4):e049296. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-049296
Low calorie diets to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes. 2019 [Available from: https://www.england.nhs.uk/diabetes/treatment-care/low-calorie-diets/.
National Health Service Act 2006, Stat. c41 (2006). https://legislation.gov.uk
Equality Act 2010, c15 (2010). https://www.legislation.gov.uk
NHS England and NHS Improvement. NHS Low Calorie Diet Programme – face to face [one to one/group] delivery model - Service Specification. England, 2019. https://www.england.nhs.uk
Williams O, Coen SE, Gibson Comment on: “Equity in physical activity: a misguided goal”. Sports Med 2019;49:637-9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-01047-9
Tong A, Sainsbury P, Craig Consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ): a 32-item checklist for interviews and focus groups. Int J Qual Health Care 2007;19(6):349-57. https://doi.org/10.1093/iintqhc/mzm042
Pawson R. The science of evaluation: a realist manifesto. Sage Publications, https://doi.org/10.4135/9781473913820
Ells L, Radley D, Homer A coproduced mixed method evaluation of the NHS England Low-Calorie Diet implementation pilot. Protocol 2021, 12th March 2021. https://fundingawards.nihr.ac.uk/award/NIHR132075
Braun V, Clarke V, Weate Using thematic analysis in sport and exercise research. In: Smith B, Sparkes AC, editors. Routledge Handbook of Qualitative Research in Sport and Exercise. London: Routledge, 2016, 191-205.
Tao W, Agerholm J, Burström B. The impact of reimbursement systems on equity in access and quality of primary care: a systematic literature review. BMC Health Services Res 2016;16(1):1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1805-8
NHS Enhanced Service Specification Weight management 2022/23 - Version 1. NHS; 2022. https://www.england.nhs.uk
Re:Mission. Re:Mission - An Evaluation of the NHS Low Calorie Diet Programme 2020 [Available from: https://www.remission.study/.
Fisher M, Harris P, Freeman T, et al. Implementing universal and targeted policies for health equity: lessons from Int J Health Policy Manage 2022;11(10):2308-18. https://doi.org/10.34172/ijhpm.2021.157
Olivera JN, Ford J, Sowden S, et al. Conceptualisation of health inequalities by local healthcare systems: a document analysis. Health Soc Care Community 2022;30(6):e3977-e3984 https://doi.org/10.1111/hsc.13791
Health and Social Care Act 2012. [Available from: legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2012/7/contents/enacted.
Ford J, Sowden S, Olivera J, etal. Transforming health systems to reduce health FutureHealthcJ 2021;8(2):e204-e209. https://doi.org/10.7861/fhj.2021-0018
Sadare O, Williams M, Simon Implementation of the Health Equity Impact Assessment (HEIA) tool in a local public health setting: challenges, facilitators, and impacts. Can J Public Health 2020;111(2):212-19. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-019-00269-2
Peeters A, Backholer How to influence the obesity landscape using health policies. Int J Obesity 2017;41(6):835-9. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2017.24
Public Health Local action on health inequalities: tackling health inequalities through action on the social determinants of health: lessons from experience. London: Public Health England, 2014.
Mackenzie M, Hastings A, Babbel B, et al. Proportionate universalism as a route to mitigating health inequalities? Exploring political, policy and practice uncertainties in times of In: Fee D, Kober-smith A, editors. Inequalities in the UK. Bingley: Emerald Publishing Limited; 2017. ISBN:978-1-78714-480-4
Brassolotto J, Raphael D, Baldeo N. Epistemological barriers to addressing the social determinants of health among public health professionals in Ontario, Canada: a qualitative CriticalPublic Health 2014;24(3):321-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2013.820256
Rodrigues AM, Haste A, Penn L, et al. Stakeholders’ perceptions and experiences of the National Health Service diabetes prevention programme in England: qualitative study with service users, intervention providers and deliverers, commissioners and BMC Health Services Res 2020;20:1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05160-2
Kontopantelis E, Reeves D, Valderas JM, et al. Recorded quality of primary care for patients with diabetes in England before and after the introduction of a financial incentive scheme: a longitudinal observational study. BMJ Quality Safety 2013;22(1):53-64. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001033
Oliver A, Brown A consideration of user financial incentives to address health inequalities. JHealthPolPolicyLaw 2012;37(2):201-26. https://doi.org/10.1215/03616878-153602
Koshy E, Millett The ‘Quality and Outcomes Framework’: improving care, but are all patients benefiting? SAGE Publications Sage UK: London, England; 2008, 432-3.
Shaw SE, Smith JA, Porter A, et The work of commissioning: a multisite case study of healthcare commissioning in England’s NHS. BMJ Open 2013;3(9):e003341. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2013-003341
Carey G, Crammond B, De Leeuw EJ. Towards health equity: a framework for the application of proportionate Int J Equity Health 2015;14(1):81. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-015-0207-6
Coggon J, Adams ‘Let them choose not to eat cake...’: Public health ethics, effectiveness and equity in government obesity strategy. Future Healthc J 2021;8(1):49-52. https://doi.org/10.7861/fhj.2020-0246
McManus E, Elliott J, Meacock R, et al. The effects of structure, process and outcome incentives on primary care referrals to a national prevention Health Economics 2021;30(6):1393-416. https://doi.org/10.1002/hec.4262
Comments (0)